13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments And Their Results

13th Amendment Ended Slavery But one of the unintended results of the 13th Amendment was the beginning of… Sharecropping. a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on the land

Free-write a response to the music and poetry of John L. Handcox.

14th Amendment Gave blacks Except then communities started creating citizenship, equal rights, and equal protection under the law Except then communities started creating “Black Codes” local laws passed to control newly freed slaves

St. Landry’s Parish, Louisiana

15th Amendment Gave Black Men the Right to Vote But not women And just because the government said black men had the right to vote, that doesn’t mean they were actually allowed to vote: Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Grandfather Clause You don’t need to pay the poll tax or take a literacy test if you could vote prior to the Civil War OR you are the descendant of anyone who could vote prior to the Civil War

Voting Rights Act of 1965! The Act prohibits states and local governments from imposing any "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure ... to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.“ Section 5 of the Act prohibited states and local governments with a history of discriminatory voting practices from changing their voting laws without first getting the approval of the United States Attorney General or a three-judge panel of the U.S. District Court for D.C., a process known as "preclearance."

Voting Rights Act of 1965! In Shelby County v. Holder (2013), the Supreme Court struck down section 4(b) of the act, which is the section that determined which states and local governments were subject to section 5 preclearance. The SC said it was unconstitutional because the law was based on data over 40 years old, making it no longer responsive to current needs and therefore a burden on the constitutional principles of federalism and equal sovereignty of the states. The Court did not strike down Section 5, but without Section 4(b), no jurisdiction will be subject to Section 5 preclearance.

Voting Rights Act of 1965! Immediately after the SC’s decision in Shelby County v. Holder, some states and many local governments in the south began passing new voting laws: Mandatory voter I.D. requirements Reductions in early voting Elimination of same-day registration Supporters of the new voting laws argue that these laws will cut down on voter fraud. Opponents of the new voting laws argue that these laws will disenfranchise hundreds of thousands of voters. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qs2HLQ8t6LA

Results/Ways racist whites reacted Amendments What they did Results/Ways racist whites reacted 13th Ended Slavery Sharecropping 14th Citizenship Equal Rights and Protection Black Codes 15th Right to Vote for Black Men Poll Taxes Literacy Tests Grandfather Clause