Energy Resources & Energy Transfers

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Presentation transcript:

Energy Resources & Energy Transfers

Forms of Energy List the main forms of energy...

Objectives Identify the main forms of energy. Construct energy transfer diagrams, identifying useful and wasted energy transfers.

Conservation of Energy The law of conservation of energy states

Forms of Energy Light Sound Kinetic Heat

Forms of Energy Electrical Chemical Potential Gravitational Potential Elastic Potential

seen in different forms Forms of Energy Estelle Mrs Snewin Florist Sister Gravitational Potential Chemical Potential Mum Daughter Energy Sound Electrical Elastic Potential Same person/thing seen in different forms Heat Kinetic Light

Useful Energy Transferred Wasted Energy Transferred Forms of Energy Copy and complete the following table: Device Useful Energy Transferred Wasted Energy Transferred

Gravitational Potential Kinetic Electrical Elastic Potential Sound Light Heat Chemical Potential Gravitational Potential

Objectives Construct Sankey diagrams to show how much energy is transferred as different forms. Calculate efficiency.

Sankey Diagrams Heat Energy Electrical Energy Old-style light bulb...   Heat Energy 90 J 9 cm 100 J 10 cm   10 J Electrical Energy Light Energy

Sankey Diagrams Draw a Sankey diagram to show: A kettle which transforms 1000 J of electrical energy into 900 J of heat energy in the water and 100 J of wasted heat and sound energy.

Wasted Heat & Sound Energy Kettle Heat Energy in Water  1000 J 900 J 10 cm  100 J Electrical Energy Wasted Heat & Sound Energy

Sankey Diagrams Draw a Sankey diagram to show: A toaster which transforms 1000 J of electrical energy into 300 J of heat energy in the bread and 700 J of wasted heat and sound energy.

Wasted Heat & Sound Energy Toaster Heat Energy in bread  300 J 1000 J 10 cm 700 J  Electrical Energy Wasted Heat & Sound Energy

Sankey Diagrams Draw a Sankey diagram to show: A hair dryer which transforms 1000 J of electrical energy into 500 J of kinetic energy, 100 J of heat energy in the hair, and 400 J wasted as heat and sound energy.

Wasted Heat & Sound Energy Hair Dryer Kinetic Energy  500 J 1000 J 10 cm 400 J  Wasted Heat & Sound Energy 100 J Electrical Energy Heat Energy in Hair

Efficiency Efficiency is a measure of how much of the energy that is transferred during a process goes towards doing something useful. e.g. a filament light bulb converts 100 J of electrical energy to 10 J of light energy and 90 J of heat energy. Calculate the efficiency.

Efficiency A new energy efficient light bulb converts 100 J of electrical energy to 60 J of light energy and 40 J of heat energy. Calculate the efficiency. A kettle transfers 4000 J of electrical energy into 3920 J of heat energy in the water, and 80 J of energy wasted as sound and heat in the surroundings. Calculate the efficiency.

Objectives Calculate the kinetic energy of objects. Calculate the gravitational potential energy of objects. Explain how to convert between the two and identify the wasted energy transfers.

e- Kinetic Energy Mass – 9.11x10-31 kg Velocity – 7.6x106 m/s Mass – 227 kg Velocity – 0.16 mph / 0.07 m/s Mass – 5.97x1024 kg Velocity – 30 km/s Mass – 215 000 kg Velocity – 570 mph / 255 m/s Mass – 620 kg Velocity – 180 mph / 80 m/s

Kinetic Energy e-

Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared The amount of kinetic energy an object has can be found using the formula: Kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared (J) (kg) (m/s) KE v2 ½ m KE = ½ mv2

Kinetic Energy Example: Calculate the velocity of an F1 car with a mass of 600 kg and a KE of 874 800 J. Calculate the mass of an athlete running with KE 1600 J at 8 m/s.

Kinetic Energy Emily drives her car at a speed of 30 m/s. If the combined mass of her and the car is 1000 kg what is her kinetic energy? Catia rides her bike at a speed of 10 m/s. If the combined mass of Jessica and her bike is 60 kg what is her kinetic energy? Dan is running and has a kinetic energy of 750 J. If his mass is 60 kg how fast is he running? George is walking to town. If he has a kinetic energy of 150 J and he’s walking at a pace of 2 m/s what is his mass?

GPE Why is it harder to climb than to fall?.

GPE Mass – 15 kg Height – 6 m Mass – 60 kg Height – 5 m

GPE Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored when an object increases in height. GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x height (J) (kg) (N/kg) (m) GPE h m g GPE = mgh

GPE A 10 000 kg aeroplane takes off and ascends to a height of 1000 m. How much gravitational potential energy has been transferred to the plane? A skateboarder (80 kg) starts a run by rolling 3 m down a half pipe. How much GPE has been transferred? A man (90 kg) moves from the 3rd floor of a building to the 5th floor. The height between each floor is 3 m – how much GPE is transferred?

Which Has More Energy? Mass: 5 kg Height: 12 m Mass: 50 kg Velocity: 25 m/s

Which Has More Energy? Mass: 20 g Height: 3 m Mass: 1000 kg Velocity: 0 m/s

Which Has More Energy? Mass: 500 000 kg Height: 10 000m Mass: 1.67x10-27 kg Velocity: 297 000 000 m/s

Which Has More Energy? Mass: 80 kg Height: 29 m Mass: 80 kg Velocity: 21.5 m/s

GPE & KE

GPE & KE Mr. Snewin is rather careless and he drops his laptop out of the window, 1 m above the ground. The laptop has a mass of 3 kg; how fast will it hit the ground? GPE = mgh = 3 x 10 x 1 = 30 J As the laptop hits the ground all of the GPE has been converted to KE. GPE = KE GPE = KE = 30 J = ½ mv2. v2 = 30/ ½ m = 30/1.5 = 20 v = √20 v = 4.5 m/s

GPE & KE A 70 kg base-jumper has an unfortunate experience as he leaps off a 50 m building and finds his parachute won’t open. How fast will he hit the ground if his back-up parachute doesn’t work? Find GPE. Find KE. Rearrange and find v.

GPE & KE Any moving object will have ______ energy. Any object moved to a ______ position will gain ______________ potential energy. When an object such as a pendulum is released the _________ energy is transformed to ________ energy. The object cannot reach the same _______ again due to some energy being wasted as _____ and ______. Words: height weight higher lower heat potential gravitational kinetic kinetic sound

Extension Using the equations for GPE and KE, prove that all objects will fall at the same speed, and that mass has no effect on this speed.

Objectives Calculate the work done in moving objects.

Work Done When any object is moved around work will need to be done on it to get it to move (obviously). We can work out the amount of work done in moving an object using the formula: Work done = Force x Distance Moved (J) (N) (m) W d F W = Fd

Work Done Jennifer pushes a book 5 m along the table with a force of 5 N. She gets tired and decides to call it a day. How much work did she do? Megan lifts a laptop 2 m into the air with a force of 10 N. How much work does she do? Gemma does 200 J of work by pushing a wheelbarrow with a force of 50 N. How far did she push it? Savannah cuddles her cat and lifts it 1.5 m in the air. If she did 75 J of work how much force did she use?

Recap Questions How much kinetic energy would Richard have if he travelled at a speed of 5 m/s and has a mass of 70 kg? Olivia does some work by pushing a box around with a force of 1 N. She does 50 J of work and decides to call it a day. How far did she push it? A lift with a mass of 500 kg rises through 10 m. How much GPE does the lift gain? 875 J 50 m 50 000 J

Power Power is defined as the rate of energy transfer; i.e. how much energy is transferred every second. We can work out power using the formula: Power = Energy Transferred / Time (W) (J) (s) E t P P = E / t

Dr. Octopus Mass: 110 kg

Power A drill is used for 8 seconds and transfers 2400 J of energy. What is the power rating of the drill? Jenny uses a 500 W toaster for 2 minutes to make her breakfast. How much energy did she use? Sarah uses a 3 kW kettle and transfers a total amount of 450 000 J of energy. How long was the kettle on for?

Energy to drive a car 60 miles: 250,000,000 J Energy stored in 1 litre of petrol: 34,000,000 J Energy used by the human body for 1 day: 10,000,000 J Energy in 1 unit on electricity bill (costs 15p): 3,600,000 J Energy in a typical chocolate bar: 1,000,000 J Energy to boil 1 L of water, from freezing: 500,000 J Energy stored in a peanut: 25,000 J Kinetic energy of a fast-moving cricket ball: 1000 J Energy stored in one new AA battery: 1000 J Energy from burning one whole match: 1000 J Energy to lift up an apple by one metre: 1 J Energy to make the human heart beat once: ½ J Energy to press key on computer keyboard: 1/100 J

Quiz! What is the gravitational field strength on Earth? A. 10 N/kg B. 1 N/kg C. 1 kg/N D. 10 kg/N

Quiz! What is the formula for calculating work done? A. Work Done = Force / Distance B. Work Done = Force x Distance C. Work Done = Distance / Force D. Work Done = Force x Mass

Quiz! How much work is done if a 30 kg mass is lifted through 2 m? A. 60 J B. 15 J C. 150 J D. 600 J

Quiz! How much gravitational potential energy does a 30 kg mass gain if it is lifted through 2 m? A. 60 J B. 15 J C. 150 J D. 600 J

Quiz! How much kinetic energy does a 5000 kg car have when moving at 10 m/s? A. 250 000 J B. 500 000 J C. 125 000 J D. 1 000 000 J

Quiz! A light bulb transfers 3600 J of energy in one minute. What is the power of the bulb? A. 100 W B. 40 W C. 60 W D. 80 W

Quiz! How much energy does Amy’s 800 W microwave transfer in 3 minutes? A. 800 J B. 4.4 J C. 2400 J D. 144 000 J

Quiz! A cheetah runs at a top speed of 32 m/s, and has a kinetic energy of 30 720 J. What is the mass of the cheetah? A. 30 kg B. 60 kg C. 90 kg D. 120 kg

Quiz! A 80 kg man runs up the stairs and gains 4800 J of GPE. Each floor is 2 m high. How many floors did he climb? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Homework Reflection I am good at/need to improve: Using KE and GPE equations. Rearranging KE & GPE equations. Applying the law of conservation of energy.

Energy Resources

in the turbines and the generator Coal Power Stations Chemical Potential Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy stored in the fuel in the water. in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

Solar Power Light Energy Electrical Energy from the Sun in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Wind Power Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy in the wind in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Hydroelectric Power Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy stored in the water in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Tidal Power Gravitational Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy stored in the water in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Wave Power Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Geothermal Power Heat Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy in the ground in the water in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Biomass Chemical Potential Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy stored in the biomass in the water. in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

in the turbines and the generator Nuclear Chemical Potential Energy Heat Energy Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy stored in the fuel in the water in the water in the turbines and the generator in the cables.

Energy Resources Chart Create a “Top Ten” of energy resources. Coal Gas Nuclear Hydroelectric Wind Biomass Solar Geothermal Wave Tidal

Energy Resources Poster By the end of the lesson create a poster showing: The energy transfers. The advantages. The disadvantages. A rating out of 10 for how useful it is for the UK. A rough diagram showing how it works.

Objectives Explain how heat is transferred by conduction. Explain why free electrons make metals better conductors.

Heat Energy Thermos Flasks

Conduction

Conduction

Conduction Heat transfers by conduction. The energy is passed on by particle vibrations. As particles are closer together in solids they are better at passing on the energy. Metals contain free electrons. These electrons can move from atom to atom, passing on the energy quickly.

Conduction Conduction is the transfer of ____ by ________. When you heat a substance the _____ have more _______ energy. Atoms vibrate and ‘pass on’ ______. _____ are better __________ of heat due to free _______. Words: vibrations conductors heat kinetic electrons atoms Metals energy

Objectives Explain how heat is transferred by convection.

Density How much mass there is in a certain amount of space. Heat Heating & Expansion. Same Mass, More Space. Less Dense.

Convection Heated liquid rises up. Colder water moves in to replace it. This sets up a convection current.

Convection Convection is the transfer of heat through _____, i.e. _______ & ______. When heated they ______ due to larger particle ________. This makes the hotter fluid less _____. The less dense fluid _______ and cooler fluid ____ to take its place. Words: expand falls liquids vibrations gases dense fluids rises up

Conduction & Convection Similarities Differences

Convection How does this heater heat the entire room?

Convection How do fridges keep cool?

Objectives Explain how heat is transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation. Explain how heat loss can be minimised.

Radiation

Using Radiation Make Three Lists: How black surfaces are used. How silver surfaces are used. How we make use of objects giving out different amounts of radiation, e.g. a house.

Radiation Dark, matt colours absorb and emit thermal radiation. Light, shiny surfaces reflect thermal radiation. Infrared Challenge

Radiation Radiation is the transfer of ____ as _____________ ______. Thermal radiation is also known as ________ radiation. ______ surfaces emit more radiation that ______ surfaces. ____, _____ surfaces are the best emitters and _________ of radiation. _____ _____/______ surfaces are the best _________. Words: infrared black hotter cooler silver heat waves shiny white absorbers reflectors electromagnetic dull

House Insulation Double Glazing Glass Air Space/ Vacuum

House Insulation Loft Insulation Fibre Glass Pockets of Trapped Air

Cavity (space) between walls. House Insulation Cavity Wall Insulation Cavity (space) between walls. Insulation

Gaps around doors/windows. House Insulation Draught Proofing Gaps around doors/windows.

Chapter 13 Questions a) Torch

Chapter 13 Questions b) Lighting a Candle

Chapter 13 Questions c) Rubbing Hands Together

Chapter 13 Questions d) Bouncing on a trampoline

Chapter 13 Questions 1200 J 3600 J 2400 J Electrical Energy a) Electric Lamp  Light Energy 1200 J  1.2 cm 3600 J  3.6 cm  Electrical Energy  Heat Energy 2.4 cm 2400 J 

Chapter 13 Questions 8 MJ 6 MJ 1.2 MJ Electrical Energy b) Washing Machine  Kinetic Energy 1.2 cm  1.2 MJ   8 MJ 8 cm 6 MJ Heat Energy 6 cm Electrical Energy   Wasted Heat & Sound Energy 0.8 MJ  0.8 cm 

10 kJ Heat Energy in Kettle 40 kJ Wasted Heat & Sound Energy Chapter 13 Questions a) Kettle  0.1 cm 10 kJ Heat Energy in Kettle  400 kJ  350 kJ 4 cm Heat Energy in Water 3.5 cm Electrical Energy    0.4 cm 40 kJ Wasted Heat & Sound Energy

Chapter 13 Questions b)

Chapter 13 Questions

Chapter 14 Questions