Questions 1. What is an indulgence? 2. Who was Martin Luther? 3. What happened to Luther in the Catholic Church? 4. Why did King Henry VIII break off from the Catholic Church? 5. Who did Elizabeth I defeat in 1588? Why was this important?

What is the Reformation? A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.

Early Reformers (Pre-Reformation) John Wycliffe (1324-1384) Interested in authority of clergy. People should be able to interpret and read the Bible on their own. Lived during Western Schism (more than one pope). This caused questioning about Papal Authority.

John Wycliffe

Early Reformers Jan Hus (1369-1415) He wanted Bishops elected and not appointed by Pope. At the Council of Constance, he made his case but he was burned at the stake for his beliefs. Spiritual leader of the Moravian Church.

Jan Huss

Interesting fact about Jan Huss Lived in Bohemia (Modern Day Czech Republic) Eucharist (Catholic Sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine) The last words of John Hus were that, “in 100 years, God will raise up a man whose calls for reform cannot be suppressed.” Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1517, Martin Luther nailed his famous 95 Theses.

Causes of the Reformation The renaissance secular ideas challenged the authority of the church. The printing press helped spread these secular ideas.

Causes of the Reformation Merchants grew tired of paying church taxes to Rome. Leaders resented the pope (felt they were being controlled)

Growing Problems Popes spent excessive money and engaged in wars. Priest and monks were poorly educated. Married, Gambled, and drink to excess– When in Vegas?

Early Calls to Reform Christian Humanist criticized the church. i.e. Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More 1490s – Girolamo Savonarola preached in Florence until executed for “heresy”. - He thought secular ideas of the Renaissance were immoral.

Girolamo Savonarola

Bonfire of Vanities

Martin Luther Monk Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg In 1517, became public about the sale of indulgences. October 31, 1517 nailed the 95 theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg.

Martin Luther Eventually wanted a full reform of the church. 3 teachings: 1. Win salvation only through faith in God. 2. Church teachings should only be based on the bible. 3. All people with faith were equal.

Response to Luther His ideas spread rapidly Pope Leo X threatened to excommunicate Luther if he did not take back his statements. Luther refused and he was excommunicated.

Response to Luther Emperor Charles V put Luther on trial and declared him an outlaw and heretic. Stated no one was to give him shelter or feed him. People disobeyed this decree where Luther stayed. In 1522, Luther returned to Wittenberg and found most people were using his ideas. They were called Lutherans.

Luther’s Ideas Priest dressed in ordinary clothes. They were free to marry. Led services in German rather than Latin.

Activity Put yourself in Martin Luther’s shoes. Think of the fear he had before nailing the 95 theses. Write a paragraph/rap explaining his feelings going up to the church in Wittenberg.

The English Reformation http://www.cbc.ca/player/Shows/Shows/The+Tud ors/Web+Exclusives/ID/1237287107/