Leader of the Nazi Party Wrote Mein Kampf War against the Jew Name: Nation State: Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Under-estimated Leader of the Nazi Party Wrote Mein Kampf War against the Jew Years in Power National Problems According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Techniques or methods Enemies 1933-1945 Post WWI Treaty of Versailles Political instability Weak Economy Weimar Republic Capitalist Communist Jews Democracy Restore German lands Fix economy Eliminate the Jew Lebensraum Tear up treaty of Versailles Political Maneuvering Fear- Anger Propaganda Fear-mongering Organized political party Purges Communist East Europeans Slavs Gypsies Jews

Timeline of Hitler’s Rise to Power 1920- Joined tiny right wing group that was against the Treaty of Versailles 1923- Hitler was name the Fuhrer of the Nazis and attempted Coup d’etat to overthrow the Weimar Republic- The Beer Hall Putsch. Attempt failed and Hitler was imprisoned for 8 months. 1923- While in prison Hitler wrote, Mein Kampf- outlined his ideas and plans. Hatred for the Jew, The need for Lebensraum, the Aryan master race, future war with Eastern Europe. 1924- 1930’s Hitler worked to revive the Nazi party- mostly ignored until the Great Depression. In 1932 30% unemployment – people turned to firm leadership 1932- Lost election to President Paul Von Hindenburg 1933- The Nazis had the strongest political party. They did not have a majority in the Reichstag but they had the Plurality in which Hitler skillfully took advantage.

General Kurt Von Schleicher Franz Von Papen Paul Von Hindenburg Both hated Hitler The Nazi Plurality was a thorn in their side Both wanted to get rid of the Republic Both felt that they could control Hitler if he was Chancellor. Both underestimated Hitler General Kurt Von Schleicher

Timeline of Hitler’s Rise to Power January 1933- President Hindenburg was advised to name Hitler Chancellor of Germany (head of Germany) his opponents felt that since the Nazis didn’t have the majority of seats in the Reichstag that they could better control him. Quickly Hitler called for new elections to take place in March of 1933. Feb 1933 (6 days before the election) The Reichstag build was set on fire and Hitler claimed it was the Communist looking to seize power- He convinced the President to suppress speech. March 1933- The Nazis and their allies won a slim majority in the Reichstag March 23rd 1933- The majority in the Reichstag passed the Enabling Acts- which gave Hitler dictatorial powers for 4 years.

Timeline of Hitler’s Rise to Power 1933- Hitler quickly outlaws other political parties and created a police forces called the Schutzstaffel (SS) ad the Gestapo- these actions terrorized Germans. 1934- took complete control of the economy and labor. Hitler soon took over all aspects of German life. June 30th- July 2nd- Night of Long Knives- SS/Gestapo purged anti- Nazi politicians August 1934- President Hindenburg dies and Hitler abolished the office of President and took over the powers for himself. August 1934- The Military now must pledge their allegiance to Hitler. 1935-1937 Hitler focused on the military and creating support amongst the German people. 1938-1939 – Hitler focus on controlling the church and the military

First they came for the Socialists, and I did not speak out – Because I was not a Socialist. Then they came for the Trade Unionists, and I did not speak out - Because I was not a Trade Unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out Because I was not a Jew. Then they came for me -- and there was no one left to speak for me.

According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Name: Nation State: Benito Mussolini Italy Europe’s first fascist dictator Founded a Fascist newspaper and other groups Command the black shirts during the 1922 March on Rome Years in Power National Problems According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Techniques or methods Enemies 1922- Prime minister 1925, 1927- consolidated his power Unhappy with the treaty of Versailles Economic Woes Weak Government Socialist Return to the glory days of the Roman Empire Control of the Press Used OVRA (secret police) to destroy enemies Speeches and Propaganda Made a Pact with the catholic church Rigged elections War Socialist Non-Italians Western Capitalism Liberals Catholics

According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Name: Nation State: Emperor Hirohito Japan In the 1920’s Japan become more democratic Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact- renouncing war Very weak government- no control over military Japanese Imperial Army and Navy had veto power Military leaders reported to Hirohito the Military was extreme right wing (fascist) Military Gained support of nation during Great Depression, Militarist take control of Japan and made Hirohito a symbol of state power Militarist were extreme nationalist and wanted to solve problems with expansion Years in Power National Problems According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Techniques or methods Enemies In 1926 to 1989 Militarist took control of government in the 1930’s Great Depression Weak Gov’t Weak Gov’t Manchuria Pacific Empire China- for raw materials and living space Militarist assassinated moderate leaders Violence Keep Hirohito as a symbol of power Disobeyed his calls for peace China Western Democracies

Name means “Man of Steel” “Socialism in one country” Name: Nation State: Joseph Stalin U.S.S.R Name means “Man of Steel” “Socialism in one country” Years in Power National Problems According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Techniques or methods Enemies 1928- 1953 Revolution Weak economy Capitalist Past czars Kulaks Weak communist Rapid industrialization Modernized Russia Russian Eastern European Empire Totalitarianism Command Economy Collectives Purges- 23 million murdered Secret Police Indoctrination, Propaganda, Education Media Targeted Religion Capitalist Past czars Kulaks Weak communist

Totalitarianism- Government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of pubic and private life Fascism- Political philosophy that promotes extreme forms of nationalism and racism- centralized power-

What are the similarities between all of the totalitarian regimes? Years in Power National Problems According to Dictator who is to blame? Goals/ Promises Techniques or methods Enemies