Human Body Systems and Functions

Skeletal Serves as the anchor for all the body’s movements Provides support Protects soft organs inside the body Muscular Provide movement Maintain body temperature Maintain posture Digestive Absorb nutrients Absorb water Remove waste

Respiratory Urinary Circulatory Immune To get oxygen from the environment Remove carbon dioxide and other waste Urinary To filter liquid waste from the blood Circulatory Deliver oxygen to the body Immune Defends against pathogens and disease

Integumentary Endocrine Nervous Repels water Guards against disease Helps maintain homeostasis Senses the environment Endocrine To control the conditions in your body by making and sending chemicals from one part to another. Nervous Detects and interprets information Controls most of the body’s functions

Sample question Which function summarizes the excretory system? A. It removes waste B. It collects oxygen C. It attacks diseases D. It delivers nutrients

Human Body Systems Organs

Skeletal Muscular Bones Cardiac Muscles – The Heart - Involuntary Smooth Muscles – Digestive - Involuntary Skeletal Muscles – Voluntary Cartilage – cushion between your bones that acts as a shock absorber Tendons- attaches muscle to bone Ligaments- attaches bone to bone

Digestive Salivary Glands – moisten foods and enzymes break down food. Esophagus – carries food from the throat to the stomach through peristalsis. Stomach – mix and mash food particles Small Intestine – nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Large Intestine - absorbs water and some other nutrients Pancreas – to regulate glucose in the bloodstream Liver – secretes bile for digestion and removes toxins from the blood. Gall Bladder – stores bile Rectum – eliminates waste from the body

Respiratory Nose – allows oxygen to enter the body Trachea – connects the throat to the bronchial tubes Larynx/Voice Box – helps with breathing and sound production Lungs – responsible for breathing in oxygen and exhaling out CO2 Bronchial Tubes – branches which connect the trachea to the lungs Alveoli – tiny sacs (1-cell thick) at the end of the bronchial tubes which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood Ribs – encloses the thoracic cavity Diaphragm – a large muscle that stretches across the floor of the thoracic cavity

Urinary Kidneys – filter blood Ureters – tubes which carry waste from the kidneys to the bladder Bladder – sac that store liquid waste and has a wall of smooth muscle Urethra – tube that carries liquid waste outside of the body Circulatory Heart – pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. Veins – blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect arteries with veins

Immune 1. Lymph Nodes – acts as a filter or traps foreign particles 2. Spleen – remove old red blood cells and stores blood Integumentary Skin Epidermis – outer layer of skin Dermis – inner layer of skin Hair Nails

Endocrine Thyroid – Necessary for metabolism Pancreas – regulates glucose Adrenal Gland – regulates carbohydrates, proteins, fats, metabolism, water and salt levels Nervous Central Nervous System a. Brain b. Spinal Cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System a. Sensory Nerves b. Motor Nerves 3. Autonomic Nervous System – involuntary (heart, stomach) 4. Voluntary Nervous System – voluntary (skeletal muscles)

Interactions

Skeletal Muscular Digestive Bone Marrow- makes red blood (circulatory) Rib Cage- protects lungs and heart (respiratory and circulatory) Muscular – attaches muscles to bones Muscular Skeletal – attaches muscles to bones Circulatory – brings nutrients to the muscles Digestive – stomach and esophagus (smooth muscles) Digestive Endocrine – pancreas Circulatory – nutrients absorbed in the blood stream Muscular – stomach and esophagus (smooth muscles)

Respiratory Circulatory- receives oxygen from the red blood cells Nervous – controls breathing Immune – foreign particles in the lungs trigger the immune system to remove particles Urinary Endocrine – adrenal glands release chemical to allow kidneys to regulate fluids in the body Circulatory - blood is cleansed and liquid waste is removed Muscular – regulate and release urine

Circulatory Muscular – blood brings nutrients and oxygen to the muscles Digestive – nutrients in the small intestine are absorbed in the bloodstream Respiratory – oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged from the blood to the alveoli in the lungs Immune 1. Respiratory - foreign particles in the lungs trigger the immune system to remove particles 2. Skeletal – immune cells are found in bone marrow 3. Digestive – appendix and tonsils help decide what is food or pathogens

Nervous Muscular – your brain tell your muscles to move Digestive - triggers the start of digestion and release of many hormones and enzymes throughout your body. Endocrine – your brain decides when hormones are created

Sample question How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together? A. The respiratory system takes in carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system delivers carbon dioxide to the cells B. The circulatory system takes in carbon dioxide, while the respiratory system delivers carbon dioxide to the cells C. The respiratory system takes in oxygen, while the circulatory system delivers oxygen to the cells D. The circulatory system takes in oxygen, while the respiratory system delivers oxygen to the cells