DNA Replication AP Biology.

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DNA Replication AP Biology

Regents Biology DNA Replication… THE PROCESS IS _________________ Meaning… _______________________

Origins of Replication Definition: ________________________

Where does the energy originate to fuel this reaction? ANSWER: ________________________

Antiparallel Arrangement of DNA What is meant by antiparallel?? _______________

DNA Replication

Steps to DNA Replication DNA unwinds using __________ and opens at _________________________________ _______ ________ is added to a strand by ___________ so DNA polymerase can attach. At the ________ __________DNA polymerase attaches and adds ________________________ The other strand called ______________ grows also in ______________________ but in ____________________________ A DNA molecule replaces the primer and ___________ glues the segments together

The DNA can repair itself! DNA Polymerase proofreads first. Mismatch Repair: Sometimes nucleotides are missed and the cell uses special enzymes to fix incorrectly paired bases. Nucleotide Excision Repair: A nuclease cuts out the damage DNA and the gap is filled with the right nucleotides. How can DNA be damaged? What is a “thymine dimer”?

What is the purpose of a telemere? THE PROBLEM: DNA can only be added to 3’ end – how to finish at 5’? Gaps are left and ends become shorter each time THE SOLUTION: Telemeres do not contain genes but repeated nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG). As a result, as the chromosomes shortens only the repeated units shorten (telemere) rather than the genes!!!

What happens if the chromosomes gets too short ? Telomerase helps restore the ENDS!!

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