SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins of Modernity

OUTLINE Announcements - Thought of the day Recap: Democracy - What are positive consequences associated with democracy? - What are problems with democracy? The French Revolution - What is it? - What did it consist of? - What led to it? - What did it end? What did it start?

Music by The Beatles “Revolution” You say you want a revolution Well, you know We all want to change the world You tell me that it's evolution But when you talk about destruction Don't you know that you can count me out Don't you know it's gonna be alright Alright, alright You say you got a real solution We'd all love to see the plan You ask me for a contribution We're all doing what we can But if you want money for people with minds that hate All I can tell you is brother you have to wait Don't you know it's gonna be alright Alright, alright, al... You say you'll change the constitution Well, you know We all want to change your head You tell me it's the institution You'd better free your mind instead   But if you go carrying pictures of Chairman Mao You ain't going to make it with anyone anyhow Don't you know know it's gonna be alright Alright, alright

Thought of the Day “To choose life in this planet-time is a mighty adventure. As people in all countries and walks of life are discovering, this adventure elicits more courage and enlivening solidarity than any military campaign. From high school students restoring streams for salmon spawning, to inner city neighbors creating community gardens on vacant lots, from forest activists sitting in trees to delay logging until environmental impact studies are done, to windmill engineers bringing their technology to energy-hungry regions, countless groups are organizing, learning, taking action. This multi-faceted human activity on behalf of life may not make today’s headlines or newscasts, but to our progeny it will matter more than anything else we do. For if there is to be a livable world for those who come after us, it will be because we have managed to make the transition from the Industrial Growth Society to a Life-sustaining Society. When people of the future look back at this historical moment, they will see, perhaps more clearly than we can now, how revolutionary it is. They may well call it the time of the Great Turning.” - Joanna Macy & Molly Young Brown from Coming Back to Life: Practices to Reconnect Our Lives, Our World

Recap on Democracy

Recap on Democracy 1) What is democracy?

What is Democracy? 1) The Greek translation of demos kratos 2) “Government of the people, by the people and for the people” 3) A system of political equality & where constraints are put on freely elected governments 4) Jean-Jacques Rousseau: a system where everyone, regardless of education and private property, has a right to be heard on matters of public opinion 5) Liberal Democracy: People can choose to participate, but must not trample on the rights of others. 6) Civic Republicanism: Where people have a duty to participate

Recap on Democracy 1) What is democracy? 2) How has it spread over time?

The Emergence of Democracy in Modern World Great Britain: The Glorious Revolution (1688) 2) Corsica: becomes a republic in 1755, with universal suffrage 3) America: The American War of Independence (1775 – 1783 (constitution 1787)) 4) The French Revolution (1789 – 1799) 5) Saint Domingue: The Haitian Revolution (1791 - 1804) 6) South America: Spanish American Wars of Independence (1808 - 1833) 7) Spread of democracy in rest of Europe (1848 – 1919) 8) American civil war (1861 – 1865) 9) Women’s suffrage movement (1755 - 1984) 10) Russian Revolution (1917) 11) Post WWII-Decolonization (1946 Phillipines, 1947 India, etc.)

Recap on Democracy 1) What is democracy? 2) How has it spread over time? 3) What has been the variation in that spread?

Democracy is unfinished project… 1/3 countries don’t have a democracy and many that have it have flawed democracies… including the United States… whose own former president will not certify its elections because the country does not meet the “minimum” requirements for a democracy

The Spread of Women’s Suffrage 1) 1755: Republic of Corsica 2) 1881: Isle of Man 2) 1893: New Zealand 3) 1902: Australia 4) 1906: Finland 5) 1915: Kingdom of Denmark 6) 1918: Germany, Hungary 7) 1920: United States, Czechslovakia 8) 1922: Burma, Ireland 9) 1928: United Kingdom 10) 1932: Brazil 11) 1940: Canada (women gained partial suffrage in 1916) 12) 1944: France 13) 1971: Switzerland 14) 1984: Liechtenstein 15) 2013: Saudi Arabia

Recap on Democracy 1) What is democracy? 2) How has it spread over time? 3) What has been the variation in that spread? 4) What have been the benefits of democracy?

Recap on Democracy 1) What is democracy? 2) How has it spread over time? 3) What has been the variation in that spread? 4) What have been the benefits of democracy? 5) What have been the problems?

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOCRACY’S SPREAD?

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency,

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups 4) Generates social capital for those who get involved.

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups 4) Generates social capital for those who get involved. 5) it can increase citizen empowerment

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups 4) Generates social capital for those who get involved. 5) it can increase citizen empowerment 6) it can be a tool for people to exercise self-determination - giving all voting citizens a say in the allocation of resources - giving all voting citizens a say in the development of laws - giving them a vote on whether to stay within the framework of the country

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups 4) Generates social capital for those who get involved. 5) it can increase citizen empowerment 6) it can be a tool for people to exercise self-determination - giving all voting citizens a say in the allocation of resources - giving all voting citizens a say in the development of laws - giving them a vote on whether to stay within the framework of the country 7) Democratic movements provide an example to others in other countries

Beneficial Effects of Democracy’s Spread 1) Increases the number of people who have influence over government 2) Provides a mechanism for increasing government transparency, 3) It can vastly increase participation from traditionally lower represented groups 4) Generates social capital for those who get involved. 5) it can increase citizen empowerment 6) it can be a tool for people to exercise self-determination - giving all voting citizens a say in the allocation of resources - giving all voting citizens a say in the development of laws - giving them a vote on whether to stay within the framework of the country 7) Democratic movements provide an example to others in other countries 8) some would argue that democracy is prerequisite for social justice… and can enhance protection of human rights.

WHAT ARE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH DEMOCRACIES?

Potential Problems with Democracy 1) Tyranny of the majority

Potential Problems with Democracy 1) Tyranny of the majority 2) Tyranny of the minority

Potential Problems with Democracy 1) Tyranny of the majority 2) Tyranny of the minority 3) Used as a tool of social control

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

WHAT WAS THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?

The Three Phases 1) Phase I – The Liberal Phase (1789 - 1792) 2) Phase II – The Revolutionary Phase (1792 - 1794) 3) Phase III – The Napoleonic Phase (1794 - 1799)

Phase I – The Liberal Phase

Storming the Bastille Prison

Declaration for the Rights of Man & Citizen - the individual right to liberty, - equality of all before the law, - freedom of speech, and - the abolition of serfdom, feudalism, and aristocratic privilege

Where did the revolt come from?

Declaration for the Rights of Man & Citizen - the individual right to liberty, - equality of all before the law, - freedom of speech, and - the abolition of serfdom, feudalism, and aristocratic privilege

Phase II – The Revolutionary Phase

The Escape Attempt of King Louis XVI

PLACING THE KING UNDER HOUSE ARREST

Beheading of King Louis XVI

THE REIGN OF TERROR (1793 – 1794)

THE GUILLOTINE A Humanitarian & Egalitarian form of capital punishment?

Phase III – The Napoleonic Phase

The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

WHAT WERE THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN FRANCE?

Consequences of the Napoleonic Phase - The French Empire - Napoleonic Civil Code - Meritocracy - Further weakening of church power - Further abolished serfdom and feudalism - Stronger government

What were the consequences of the French Revolution OUTSIDE of France?

Some Consequences of the French Revolution - The French Empire

The First French Empire

Some Consequences of the French Revolution - The French Empire - Erosion of monarchies, and rise of democracies - Institutionalization of the Napoleonic Civil Code in other countries - Greater government efficiencies in other countries - Rise of Nationalism

SHORT, HUMOROUS VIDEO ON THE FRENCH REVOLUTION http://www. youtube