Geographical Indications Legal Systems for Protecting GIs Astana, Kazakhstan, 8 December 2016 Daniel C. Crosby
Protecting GIs – International Regime Paris Convention (1883) Madrid Agreement (1891) Madrid Agreement and Protocol (1891, 1989) Lisbon Agreement (1958) Bilateral Agreements WTO / TRIPS Agreement (1994) Revised Lisbon Agreement (2015)…
Legal Systems for Protecting GIs Sui generis protection Trademarks Collective and certification marks Combinations of the above
Requirements for sui generis protection General requirement to qualify for sui generis registration and protection need to describe: geography of production; product’s characteristics, quality or reputation; standards of production … and production verification and control
Sui generis protection EU India Switzerland Andean Community Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES Saryagash mineral water Akzhayik mineral water Borjomi mineral water Parma Ham Cognac Champagne Parmigiano regionatto Colombian coffee Darjeeling
Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES
Sui generis protection - EXAMPLES
Trademark protection Multilateral standards of protection Basic requirements to afford trademark protection: No use in the course of trade by third parties, without the owner’s consent, of identical or similar signs for identical or similar goods, where use would result in “likelihood of confusion”
Trademark - EXAMPLES
Trademark - EXAMPLES
Collective and certification marks Australia Canada China USA
Collective and certification marks “Holder” of right “Certifies” use according to set standards Protected under trademark law
Collective marks - EXAMPLES
Collective marks - EXAMPLES
Certification marks - EXAMPLES
Certification marks - EXAMPLES
Combination - EXAMPLES
Combination - EXAMPLES
Combination - EXAMPLES
Public policy and competition issues Some countries / producers are making an effort to balance the right to use names of products that have become “common names”. How do names become common or generic? Is there a right to object to the registration of geographical names that are widely used?
Рақмет сізге ----- СПАСИБО Рақмет сізге ----- СПАСИБО