WHAT IS FUNDAMENTALISM?

Fundamentalism The word fundamental can describe any religious impulse that adheres to its basic tenets. Fundamentalism is a movement within the church that holds to the essentials of the Christian faith. In modern times the word fundamentalist is often used in a derogatory sense

5 Tenets of the Christian Faith The Bible is literally true=Without error and free from all contradictions The virgin birth and deity of Christ=Jesus was born of a virgin and conceived from the Holy Spirit and was the son of God The atonement of Jesus Christ on the cross=salvation is obtained through God’s grace and human faith in Christ The bodily resurrection of Jesus=On the 3rd day after his death Jesus arose from the grave The authenticity of Jesus’ miracles as recorded in scripture, second coming of Christ to earth

Presidents of the 1920’s Woodrow Wilson -28th President; leader of the Progressive movement; Wilson led America into war to “make it safe for democracy”

Presidents of the 1920’s Warren G. Harding -29th President; Republican from Ohio; corrupt scandal ridden presidency (Teapot Dome); Died while in office of a heart attack (some accused his wife)

Presidents of the 1920’s Calvin Coolidge -30th President; Republican from Vermont; served as vice- president under Harding; small government conservative; pro- business;he restored public confidence in the White House

Presidents of the 1920’s Herbert Hoover -31st President; Republican from Iowa; wealthy from a career in mining, donated his salary as president to charity; President during the stock market crash of 1929 leading to the Great Depression; led public works projects such as Hoover Dam; supported Prohibition; ranked lower than average among U.S presidents

Nativism Resurges As the 1920’s opened, an economic recession, an influx of immigrants and racial and cultural tensions created a tense situation. The fear and prejudice many felt toward Germans and Communists expanded to include all immigrants. The arrival of millions of immigrants also posed a threat to the 4 million military men and women that had returned home and searching for a job. As the new immigrants, many of whom were unskilled workers, sought to enter the workforce they encountered ethnic and religious prejudices.  

Return of the Ku Klux Klan The KKK was at the forefront of the movement to restrict immigration. The old KKK had flourished in the South after the Civil War and used threats and violence to intimate newly freed African Americans The new Klan had other targets as well -Catholics, Jews, and other groups believed to represent “un- American” values William J. Simmons founded the new Klan in Atlanta, GA in 1915 -The Klan publicity claimed that the organization was fighting for “Americanism”

KKK Supporters Simmons hired public relations entrepreneurs and paid them a commission of $8.00 of every $10.00 initiation fee for a new Klan recruit These men paid more that 1,000 sales-people to promote the Klan Membership exploded and the Klan reached nearly 4 million by 1924 The Klan began to decline in the late 1920’s as a result of scandals and power struggles among its leaders.      

RED SCARE In 1919, there was widespread unhappiness with the peace process and growing fears of Socialism sparked by the Communist takeover in Russia and labor unrest at home. Anti-German hysteria of the war years changed to anti- Communist hysteria known as the Red Scare

Palmer Raids A series of unexplained bombings caused Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer to establish a special office under J. Edgar Hoover to collect information on possible security risks. From November 1919 to January 1920 Palmer had over 6,000 people arrested based on limited criminal evidence. The suspects were foreign born and 500 of them were deported

What is it? The Harlem Renaissance a flowering of African American social thought which was expressed through: -Paintings -Music -Dance -Theater -Literature

How does the Harlem Renaissance connect to the Great Migration The economic opportunities of the era triggered a widespread migration of black Americans from the rural south to the industrial centers of the north-and especially NY City In NY and other cities, black Americans explored new opportunities for intellectual and social freedom. Black American artists, writers and musicians began to use their talents to work for civil rights and obtain equality.

How did it impact History? The Harlem Renaissance helped to redefine how Americans and the world understood African American culture. It integrated black and white cultures and marked the beginning of a black urban society. The Harlem Renaissance set the stage for the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950’s and 1960’s