Pearl Harbor and Mobilization of America during WWII: 1941-1945 America at War Pearl Harbor and Mobilization of America during WWII: 1941-1945 AMSCO chapter 25 Pageant Chapter 33 and 34

What Factors Led To The Attack On Pearl Harbor? With your group, make a list of historical issues between the US and Japan that can be linked to the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Pearl Harbor: Why? 1. The Japanese war machine was dependent on shipments of oil, aviation gasoline, steel, and scrap iron from the United States. In late 1940, the Roosevelt administration imposed the first series of embargoes on Japan-bound supplies. In mid-1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the United States and halted all shipments of gasoline. 2. The U.S. actions left Japanese leaders with two alternatives: A) they could give in to American demands that they withdraw from Manchuria or B) they could thwart the embargo by attacking the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor and then seizing the oil supplies and other raw materials in Southeast Asia. 3. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor occurred after diplomatic negotiations with the United States had reached a stalemate.

Pearl Harbor 1. Pearl Harbor photos and video footage— https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3e99lfmmDN0 http://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2011/07/world-war-ii-pearl-harbor/100117/ 2. Watch FDR’s war address to Congress. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK8gYGg0dkE

Conspiracy of Pearl Harbor? Read— http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8932197/Pearl-Harbour-memo-shows-US-warned-of-Japanese-attack.html 1. Did the U.S. know the Japanese were going to attack at Pearl Harbor? If so, why weren’t the prepared? 2. Did the US know an attack was coming? Did the US intentionally allow the attack to change public opinion in the US?

Map of Attack on Pearl Harbor

Japanese Map by 1942

Wartime Mobilization A. Impact of Military Spending Military spending revived the US economy As American industry prepared for war, unemployment plummeted. The dramatic increase in military spending enabled the US to finally emerge from the Great Depression. B. Price Controls The govt instituted direct price controls to halt inflation. What is inflation? The Office of Price Administration (OPA) established a nationwide rationing system for consumer goods such as coffee and gasoline.

War Agencies Economic Agencies War Production Board Office of War Mobilization Office of Price Administration Research Agencies The Office of Research and Development Manhattan Project Labor Smith Connally Anti-Strike Act of 1943 Bracero Program (Mexican agricultural workers) Finance Increase and expand the income tax (federal withholding in 1944) War bonds Propaganda The Office of War Information Soldiers Selective Service act of 1940—raised around 15 million men Women’s Army Corps (WACS) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) U.S. Coast Guard Women’s Reserve (SPARs) Total of about 200,000+ women served in noncombat duties during WWII (major boost for women’s rights movement in the last half of the 20th Century)

War’s Impact of American Society An important concept to cover in APUSH is how the war impacted the following groups: Women—workforce and women’s rights African Americans—migration, segregation in military Japanese Americans—violation of civil liberties (internment) American Indians—code-talkers Mexican Americans—bracero program, zoot suit riots It is a good idea to have a list of nouns—people, legislation, etc…that go with each category. Historically, College Board goes to this concept very often. KNOW WELL!!

Historical Context

H.P.P

H.P.P. Analysis H— P--- P--

African Americans and Women The war years witnessed a continuing migration of African Americans from the rural South to urban centers in the North and West. Some 1.6 million African Americans left the South. President Roosevelt issued an executive order forbidding discrimination in defense industries. The order was monitored by the Fair Employment Practices Commission. CORE founded in 1942 (Civil Rights organization) Double V slogan Smith v Allwright https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/321us649 B. Women and theWorkplace “Rosie the Riveter” was a nickname given during WWII to American women who did industrial work in the 1940s. The war mobilization caused a significant movement of married women into the workforce.

Continued… Note: for details on the Mexican Americans and American Indians, see AMSCO and Pageant.

Office of War Mobilization Women at Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRH70pR_oCo&index=23&list=PL8-Itz6hWlqcKL_r1OSSYx2iorc549hdx Rosie the Riveter Promo Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CQ0M0wx00s Wartime Rationing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YX4RyOk7lM0

War Propaganda Frank Capra’s “Why We Fight” series https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBUKRAE2O9c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KniXvfsBavM&list=PLue4rhsHxp6-h5AO9Az-gdo7sq_m5roBm Cartoon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKOEMqDupE0 “Slap The Jap” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJ0emX5RgZQ Movies of WWII https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3HrDhTZOrw&list=PLTRI_Uz-xHDwNNGW1VFDg4uOTF3I2ypRk Famous Songs of WWII https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHcunREYzNY&index=1&list=RDB2PqxR89XF4

Japanese Internment The Internment of Japanese Americans In March 1942, President Roosevelt ordered that all Japanese Americans living on the West Coast be removed to “relocation centers” for the duration of the war. Japanese Americans were sent to the internment camps on the grounds that they were, allegedly, a potential security threat. B. Korematsu v. United States The relocation of Japanese Americans during WWII raised the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity. The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. US upheld the constitutionality of the interment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity. OYEZ site— https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/323us214

Japanese Internment Japanese Internment—Executive Order 9066 http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=74&page=transcript What is an Executive Order? http://www.thisnation.com/question/040.html Current list of Executive Orders https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/executive-orders Govt Promotional Film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k6gSShuQCUE Japanese Internment Short Film https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31MwRgrWOf8

“Relocation Centers”

Wartime Conferences Context—During the war, the Big Three arranged to confer secretly to coordinate their military strategies and lay the foundation for peace terms and postwar involvement. SEE AMSCO pages 537 and 538 and Pegeant pages--- Casablanca—Pageant 803 and 804 (picture)--BIG TWO Teheran—Pageant 808--BIG THREE Yalta---Pageant 820 and 821--BIG THREE Potsdam—810 and 811--Truman, Stalin, and British Leaders https://www.oyez.org/cases/1940-1955/323us214

Wartime Migration (H.P.P.) Pageant pages 795 and 796