Community Interactions

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Presentation transcript:

Community Interactions EQ: How do the three types of symbiosis differ?

Types of Interactions Competition Predation Symbiosis Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Competition (-/-) Organisms of the same or different species compete for the same resource in the same place at the same time. Elk Herd Bison Moose

Tiger Swallowtail butterfly Competition Intraspecific competition: Competition among members of the same species Tiger Swallowtail butterfly Interspecific competition: Competition between members of different species Blue Butterfly

Competitive exclusion principle: No two species can occupy exactly the same niche in exactly the same habitat at exactly the same time. One will always exclude the other.

Predation (+/-) predator Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism Falcon prey Herbivory: Type of predation Interaction in which an herbivore feeds on producers. Ground Squirrel

Predation Keystone species: a single species that is vital to the ecosystem stability. Ex. Otters/kelp/sea urchins

Predation Arctic Hare Rabbit and Coyote Coyote rabbit coyote

Symbiosis Any relationship in which two species live closely together. Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Mutualism (+/+) Both organisms benefit Examples: Flowers and insects Bee on Purple Flower Examples: Flowers and insects Ants and aphids Ant and Aphid

Mutualism (+/+) Lichen Algae and fungus living together Lichen

Commensalism (+/0) One organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed. Spanish Moss

Commensalism (+/0) Whales & Barnacles Barnacles on Whale

Commensalism (+/0) Epiphytes “air plants” Epiphyte in Tree Epiphyte

Parasitism (+/-) One organism benefits while the other is harmed Examples: tapeworms inside mammals; fleas, ticks, and lice on mammals Female head louse Female Head Lice 15

Parasitism (+/-) Ticks The parasite obtains all or part of its nutritional needs from the other organism, the host. Ticks Before After Blacklegged Tick: An adult female blacklegged tick, engorged after a blood meal, rests on a leaf. Black Legged Tick