WEEE and batteries traitment in France Service Produits et Efficacité Matière Direction Economie Circulaire et Déchets 1

Large household appliances – non cold 90 treatment plants in France, 230 267 t in 2015 (household WEEE) Panel heaters Stoves Ovens Dishwashers Washing machines, dryers Hobs Extractor hoods … , dryers Source : Eco-Systèmes 20/02/14 2 2

Treatment of large household appliances – non cold Technology “Type A”: dedicated plant Additional shredding and/or downstream sorting (optical sorting, flotation) (not necessarily in the same plant) Manual de-pollution: extraction of pollutants and specific components: concrete blocks, capacitors, wires, electronic cards, electric motors, waste Feeding in a smasher : too voluminous appliances or appliances that don’t require de-pollution are treated in ELV shredders Ferrous metal Mix of non- ferrous metals + plastics Concrete Capacitors Cards Motors Wires Source : Eco-Systèmes

Treatment of large household appliances – non cold Technology “Type B”: ELV shredder Flotation, sorting of the mix of non-ferrous metals and plastics Pre-shredding de-pollution: extraction of capacitors, wires and some of the concrete blocks Shredding Magnetic sorting and manual extraction of electric motors Heavy metals (copper, brass…) Mineral fraction Plastics Stainless steel, iron, motors Source : Eco-Systèmes

Large household appliances – cold 52 treatment plants in France, 99 723 t in 2015 (household WEEE) Panel heaters Stoves Fridges Freezers Wine cellars Air-conditioning units Heat pumps … Hobs Extractor hoods Source : Eco-Systèmes 20/02/14 5 5

Treatment of large household appliances – cold PUR foams Sorting and partial dismantling at reception: Waste (light bulb, wood, rubber) Glass (shelves) Ferrous metal (shelves), non-ferrous (wire) De-pollution (capacitors, mercury contactor) Others: Sorting « Phase 2 » : shredding under inert atmosphere, suction of the gas in the insulation foams « Phase 1 » de-pollution : Cooling fluids (gas, compressor oil) Ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics Source : Eco-Systèmes 6

Small household appliances 92 treatment plants in France, 150 465 t in 2015 (household WEEE) Panel heaters Stoves IT (hard disks, printers, scanners, PC, CPU, …) Wires, plug adaptor Small domestic electrical (toasters, blenders, microwave ovens, weighing scales, coffee makers, vacuum cleaners, …) Electronics (camera, GPS, remote control, Hi-Fi, DVD player,…) Phones Toys Tools (DIY, gardening) …. Hobs Extractor hoods … Source : Eco-Systèmes 20/02/14 7 7

Treatment of small household appliances (SHA) Magnetic sorting of ferrous metals, Eddy currents sorting of non-ferrous metals, , recovery of plastics De-polluted SHA treatment in an smasher Manual extraction of residual pollutants and electric motors Mix of shredded plastics Non-ferrous Ferrous Extraction of pollutants and specific components: batteries, capacitors, ink cartridges and toners, vacuum cleaner bags, oils Batteries, capacitors, motors Source : Eco-Systèmes

Screens 76 treatment plants in France, 89 586 t in 2015 (household WEEE) Panel heaters Stoves Monitors Notebooks Displays Tablet computer (> 7 inches) Televisions … Extractor hoods Source : Eco-Systèmes 20/02/14 9 9

Technology “Type A”: manual dismantling (LCD) Treatment of screens Technology “Type A”: manual dismantling (LCD) Key-step of the process: mercury backlight extraction and suction of potential leaks Electronic components dismantling Manual dismantling of the plastic housing Manual extraction of backlight tubes Ferrous and non-ferrous metals Backlight mercury tubes LCD panels Source : Eco-Systèmes

Manual dismantling of the plastic housing Treatment of screens Technology “Type A”: manual dismantling (plasma) Manual dismantling of the plastic housing Electronic components dismantling Glass Plastics Ferrous and non-ferrous metals Source : Eco-Systèmes

Mercury suction with activated carbon filters Treatment of screens Technology “Type B”: shredding (LCD, plasma) Key-steps of the process: complete suction of the backlight tubes mercury, and then concentration into a single fraction Panel shredding Manual dismantling Flotation sorting Stand Wires Mix metals/ plastics Mercury suction with activated carbon filters Fluff Ferrous metals Plastics Non-ferrous metals Source : Eco-Systèmes

Technology “Type C”: mechanically-assisted dismantling Treatment of screens Technology “Type C”: mechanically-assisted dismantling Processes under development/industrial implementation, to allow fast-opening or fast-cutting of the screens and extraction of the components Source : Eco-Systèmes

Batteries and accumulators treatment plants in France Source : ADEME

Batteries and accumulators treatment plants in France Source : ADEME

Batteries and accumulators treatment process in France Distillation : button cells first undergo cryogenic grinding in liquid nitrogen in order to avoid the vaporization of mercury . The resulting amalgam is then subjected to distillation. Source : ADEME

Batteries and accumulators treatment process in France Hydrometallurgy : after a stage crushing and separation of ferrous compounds , non-ferrous and paper / plastics, non-ferrous fraction (black- mass ) is subjected to a chemical acid treatment to separate the elements (leaching , purification, precipitation selective) . Source : ADEME

Batteries and accumulators treatment process in France Pyrometallurgy : waste batteries and accumulators are introduced into a furnace that will allow separating metals by condensation (due to different evaporation temperatures of metals ) and density difference . Source : ADEME