Lecture Quiz 6 Jeopardy The LAST Quiz!

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Provide the equations for geometric growth, exponential growth, and logistic growth.

Geometric: Nt = Noλt Exponential: dN/dt = rmaxN Logistic: dN/dt = rmaxN(1-N/K)

Compare and contrast three adaptations of predators and prey

Predators: Acute senses, Forward-facing eyes, Venom Prey: Adapted coloration, Defensive structures, Outward-facing eyes

Explain a scenario that describes the confusion effect

Many prey together get attacked by a predator Many prey together get attacked by a predator. All prey run in different sporadic directions, and the predator can’t lock onto one to attack. Increases the chance for prey survival.

Contrast interference competition and resource competition, and provide one example of a species experiencing that competition for each

Interference – Active behavior to alter competitors’ use of a resource (Damselfish compete for space) Resource – Use of the same resources (Trees sharing light or nurients)

Provide the equations used to calculate each of these factors: Net Reproductive Rate Mean Generation Time Per Capita Rate of Increase Population Size Change Over Time

Net Repro Rate: Ro =∑lxmx Avg. Gen Time: T = ∑ xlxmx / Ro Per Cap Net Repro Rate: Ro =∑lxmx Avg. Gen Time: T = ∑ xlxmx / Ro Per Cap. Rate Increase: r = ln Ro / T Pop Size Change: dN/dt = B - M + I - E

The concept of a Hypervolume of a niche belongs to who?

G.E. Hutchinson

Provide all of the beneficial/harmful types of predator prey interactions (+/-/0) and provide a real-life example of one of them

0 0 neutralism - - competition + + mutualism + - predation, parasitism + 0 commensalism - 0 amensalism

Define the Competitive Exclusion Principle

Strongly competing species cannot persist (one will be eliminated)

Provide a definition for each of the following variables pertaining to population growth: Ro x lx Mx T r

Ro. =. Net reproductive rate x. =. Age interval in years lx. =. % pop Ro = Net reproductive rate x = Age interval in years lx = % pop. surviving to each age (x) Mx = Average number eggs produced by each individual in each age category T = Average Generation Time r = Per Capita Rate of Increase

List the 3 types of defensive mechanisms used by prey against predators

Behavior Chemicals Morphology

Provide one example of predator prey interactions discussed in class, and explain whether or not that predator affects the population size of its prey completely

Snowhare-Lynx: Predators alone did not control prey population size, but predation coupled with food supply had a large effect

Define allelopathy

Plants produce chemicals that inhibit competing plant growth

Define Elton’s concept of a niche and explain what might happen if two species share the same niche

The functional role of an organism in its community The functional role of an organism in its community. Two species sharing a niche will experience interspecies competition

Distinguish cryptic from aposematic coloration

Cryptic: Camouflage to blend in with its surrounding Aposematic: Warning coloration to deter predators

List the 3 types of mimicry, and explain the scenario in which they would occur

Batesian: Palatable mimics unpalatable Mullerian: Unpalatable mimics unpalatable Mertensian: Deadly mimics unpalatable

Define Pollination Syndrome

A match between pollinator morphology and flower morphology

Define the term carrying capacity (K)

The number of individuals of a population the environment can support

Why are some plants predators?

To manually acquire nutrients

List the 3 hunting types, and provide on example of an animal that performs that type for each.

Pursuit (Hawk) Stalk (Crane) Ambush (Alligator)

Define Ectomycorrihzae and Arbuscular mycorrhizae

Ectomycorrhizae: form a sheath around plant roots; grow between root cells; some may penetrate into root cells Arbuscular mycorrhizae: penetrate into cortex of the root, form special structures called arbuscules