Essentials of Sociology 7th Edition Chapter Four: Social Structure and Social Interaction This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Chapter Overview Levels of Sociological Analysis The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure The Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life The Need for Both Macrosociology and Microsociology Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Levels of Sociological Analysis Macrosociology Large-Scale Features of Social Life Microsociology Focus on Social Interaction Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Each Positions is a role Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Macrosociological Perspective: Social Structure Sociological Significance of Social Structure Guides Our Behavior Behavior Decided by Location in Social Structure Culture Group’s Language, Beliefs, Values, Behaviors, Gestures Material Objects Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Macrosociological Perspective Need to Understand Social Locations People Hold in Life Social Class Divides People by… Income Education Occupational Prestige Microsoft Imagec Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Social Status Social Status Ascribed College graduate Achieved White female Status Symbols Wedding band Master Status Female astronaut Status Inconsistency College Grad living in poverty Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 The Macrosociological Perspective Roles - Behaviors, Obligations, Privileges Attached to a Status Status vs. Role You Occupy a Status You Play a Role Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Groups & Social Institutions Groups - People Who Regularly and Consciously Interact Social Institutions - Means Developed by Societies to Meet Basic Needs Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Comparing Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives No society is without social institutions Every society must meet its basic needs 5 Basic Needs Replacing Members Socializing New Members Producing and distributing goods & services Preserving Order Providing a Sense of Purpose Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Comparing Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives No society is without social institutions Powerful Groups control society’s institutions Social institutions have a single purpose – preserve the social order Preserve the wealth and powerful in their privileged position Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Societies and Their Transformations Society - People Who Share and Culture and Territory Society Evolved Through Stages: Hunting and Gathering Pastoral and Horticultural Agricultural Industrial Post-Industrial Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Bioeconomic Society Economy that Centers on Application of Genetics Apply to Medicines and Food Information Transmission Extended to Smell, Taste, and Touch Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 What Holds Society Together? Mechanical Solidarity Organic Solidarity Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Social Interaction in Everyday Life Stereotypes Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Social Interaction in Everyday Life Intimate Personal Social Public Stereotypes Personal Space Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Erving Goffman Dramaturgy Impression Management Front and Back Stages Role Conflict Role Strain Between and Within Roles Teamwork and Face-Saving Behavior Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions The Study of How People Do Things Background Assumptions Harold Garfinkle’s Experiments Microsoft Image Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Social Construction of Reality Definition of the Situation - Thomas Theorem Objective Reality vs. Subjective Interpretation Gynecological Examinations Social Interaction on the Internet Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 Need for Macrosociology and Microsociology Understanding Incomplete without Both Consider the Example of Groups Studied by William Chambliss Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008