Biotechnology 101 Wendy Srnic, Director Integrated Product Characterization & Development

DUPONT’S KEY FOCUS AREAS Only DuPont can partner with growers acre by acre to answer these demands. Everything we do is about solving one problem – a complex problem that has grown and changed with the needs of our growing world – CROP PRODUCTIVITY “We put a great emphasis in managing our grain on a much more micro level – so looking not on a field by field basis but more on an acre by acre and even in some cases on a sub-acre level.” - DuPont Customer BIOTECH BREEDING CRISPR SEED APPLIED TECHNOLOGY CROP PROTECTION DIGITAL SOLUTIONS AGRONOMIC SOLUTIONS DUPONT’S KEY FOCUS AREAS

Humans have been genetically modifying crops for >10,000 years! Source: GMO Answers

What are GMOs? Biotechnology in plant agriculture has come to mean the process of intentionally making a copy of a gene for a desired trait from one plant or organism and using it in another plant. What Solution are we seeking? Which genes or traits to use? What is the best ‘tool’ to use? Conventional Breeding? Advanced Breeding? Biotechnology? Source: https://croplife.org/a-seed-story/

Leveraging Mother Nature’s Toolbox How much of a seed does plant biotechnology change? To put it into perspective, in an average meal, you eat around 150,000 km (or more than 93,000 miles) of DNA, while the genes inserted into a plant using biotechnology would represent just a handful of genes in that 150,000 km long string. Source: http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2011-01/life-cycle-genetically-modified-seed

Rigorous Testing to Develop into a Commercial Product Genetics ‘Clean’ insertion No Disruption No residual DNA Efficacy Works in the target plant as intended Agronomics Grows, performs, and yields in the field as intended Robustness Performs in target environments Stress Non-stress Durability Resistance Development Strategy Fact The research and development required to deliver a biotech crop from the testing lab to a farmer’s field will, on average, take more than 13 years and $136 million dollars. During this period the process is overseen by government regulatory bodies that make the final decision on when a new biotech crop can be marketed to farmers. Fact For every one trait that is brought to market, more than 6,000 others are screened and tested. Source: https://croplife.org/a-seed-story/

Example Characterization Process—Insect Trait Lead Characterization Durability Assessment Lead Component Selection – Field (Research, pre-regulatory) Result: Lead Component Identified, balanced for agronomics, efficacy, and durability Component selection and advancement based on agronomic, efficacy, and durability data generated in parallel. We select events in the context of elite germplasm AND environments, initially and throughout

Integrating the trait into our high quality genetics to deliver value Drought tolerance example: 100% A 50%:50% 25%:75% 12.5%:87.5% 6.75%:93.25% 3.38%:96.62% Tolerant to drought Lower quality plant Trait Donor Parent Sensitive to drought Higher quality plant GOAL 100% high quality plant + drought tolerance High Quality Parent 100% B Conventional Breeding Process (backcrossing) Goal is to maximize the genetics of the high quality parent, while only maintaining the new trait from the other parent Process takes about 7-8 cycles, completed in ~2 years