Audience-Centeredness

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Audience-Centeredness Audience foremost in mind during speech preparation, presentation © Wolfgang Kumm/dpa/Corbis Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

Audience-Centeredness To whom am I speaking? What do I want them to know, believe, do? What is most effective way of accomplishing that?

Egocentrism Tendency to be concerned with own values, beliefs, well-being

Demographic Analysis Age Racial, ethnic, cultural background Gender Religion Group membership Sexual orientation

Stereotyping Oversimplified image of group Done by assuming all members are alike

Situational Analysis Size Physical setting Disposition toward topic Disposition toward speaker Disposition toward occasion

Audience Interest

Attitude Frame of mind in favor of, or opposed to, person, policy, belief, institution, etc. © Charlie Neibergall/AP Images Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

Adapting to Attitudes

Getting Audience Info Questions: Fixed- alternative Scale Open-ended © Janine Wiedel/Photolibrary/Alamy Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.

Fixed-Alternative Do you know what the insanity plea is in the U.S. legal system? Yes _____ No _____ Not sure _____

Scale How often do you believe the insanity plea is used in U.S. court cases? very very seldom often

Open-Ended What is your opinion about the insanity plea in U.S. court cases?

Using Questionnaires

Adapting Before Assess how audience will respond Adjust to make speech clear, convincing

Adapting During Adjust for unexpected circumstances Watch for feedback