Genes & DNA Mukesh Patel.

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Presentation transcript:

Genes & DNA Mukesh Patel

Polynucleotide NUCLEOTIDE Pentose Nitrogen Base Phosphate AS Level Biology

DNA Helix AS Level Biology

Pentoses Deoxyribose Ribose 5-Carbon sugars AS Level Biology

Nitogen Bases Purines Pyrimidines Adenine Cytosine Guanine Thymine Uracil AS Level Biology

How bases join AS Level Biology

Chemical units AS Level Biology

DNA/RNA DNA Has thymine Has deoxyribose Double helix RNA Has uracil Has ribose Single strand AS Level Biology

Protein synthesis (DNA replication) Transcription Translation AS Level Biology

DNA Replication (Semi-conservative) Unfolding of Chains Split H-bonds Joining of new bases Old:New = 50:50 DNA polymerase AS Level Biology

Transcription In nucleolus Unfolding of DNA Formation of mRNA Extrusion out of nucleus Ribosome AS Level Biology

Transcription AS Level Biology

Ribosome RER 50S + 30S Proteins rRNA AS Level Biology

tRNA Anticodon Complementary Specific for each amino acid 80 nucleotides 10-15% of total RNA AS Level Biology

Translation mRNA Codon Anticodon Aminoacyl site Peptidyl site Condensation Peptide bond AS Level Biology

Translation Sequence in DNA Triplet code Why 3? 21 amino acids mRNA easily broken down after specific protein ready AS Level Biology

Why 3? AS Level Biology

Site Ribosomes 30S subunit On RER Aminoacyl site Peptidyl site AS Level Biology

Bases codes Initiation sequence Coding for actual a.a. Sequence Termination codon AS Level Biology

mRNA/tRNA Codon on mRNA Anticodon on tRNA AS Level Biology

Protein Synthesis AS Level Biology

What happens next? Enters cisternae of RER Travels to Golgi Packaged for extrusion out of cell e.g. Enzyme, insulin (as pro-insulin) Can be attached to CHO to make glycoprotein AS Level Biology

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