NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Frans Ojala+, Ashwin Rao*, Hannu Flinck‡, and Sasu Tarkoma* +Avarko OY *University of Helsinki ‡Nokia Bell Labs NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

BACKGROUND: LTE Overview NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

Large number of signals exchanged during procedures UE STATE INFORMATION + Add variable x Remove variable U Update variable No changes Large number of signals exchanged during procedures NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

Trends FOR NETWORK optimization Move functionality to the network Edge Example: Extensions of Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) Move functions to the network Core Example: Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

Example CORELESS MOBILE NETWORK Using a data store for keeping the UE state? This is in line with the idea of having storage functions such as UDSF for UE state in 5G (TS 23.501) NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

NOSQL STORES FOR UE STATE At least one identifier (e.g., IMSI) does not change value during the lifetime of a subscriber This identifier can be the key The other variables can be the value NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

HigH-Availability and CONSISTENCY (HAC) Key Observation: UE is present in only one geographical location at one point of time Can we relax the availability and consistency criteria of UE state in locations far away from the current geographical location? The data will be consistent and highly available in geographical locations close to the UE NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

HIGH AVAILABILITY AND CONSISTENCY Zones (AN EXAMPLE) Data is highly available and consistent in HAC zones Data is eventually consistent in Global zone NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

COMPARISON OF NOSQL STORES NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

BENCHMARKING APACHE GEODE FOR LTE WORKLOADS (GEODE TOPOLOGY) The Locator orchestrates the cluster The Serving Nodes store the data and respond to queries. Emulate LTE workloads using Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB) NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

Experiment Setup Devices Used 5 Dell C6320 Servers Two CPUs operating at 2.5GHz with a total of 48 cores 256 GB RAM 10 Gbps Ethernet Ubuntu 16.04, Apache Geode 1.0.0-M2, Java 1.8 Disconnected from the Internet to avoid cross traffic. Workload: YCSB to emulate traffic from 1 million UEs, each making 3 million operations Metrics: Throughput (op/s) and Latency (sec) NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

TEST Scenarios Partitioned: Redundant copies with primary Writes to primary copy and synchronously propagated to secondary copes. Reads to any copy. Replicated: Redundant copies without primary Writes performed at all nodes simultaneously, client receives ack from each copy. Reads to any copy HAC Delta and no-delta updates in each scenario NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

RESULTS (PARTIONED) No delta updates Delta updates NoSQL stores opens possibility for 100 - 1000x improvements The non-delta update mechanism performs better than delta updates Apache Geode’s current mechanism incurs high processing overhead because of a small UE object NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

OTHER Results (presented in PAPER) latency throughput throughput latency PARTIONED No delta updates Delta updates REPLICATED HAC NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

KEY OBSERVATIONS The partitioned region demonstrated good scaling properties with the addition of new servers Replicated regions throughput decreases when new serving nodes and servers were added The non-delta update mechanism performs constantly better than delta updates Apache Geode’s current mechanism incurs high processing overhead because of a small UE object Our implementation of HAC performed poorly because we were limited by synchronization of YCSB threads NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

CONCLUDING REMARKS A coreless mobile network opens avenues for meeting some of the requirements of future mobile networks We explore how the eventual consistency property of NoSQL stores can be leveraged for creating High Availability and Consistency zones We discuss the shortcomings and benefits of using a NoSQL store for managing the state of UEs in a coreless mobile network Opens possibility for 100 - 1000x improvement We plan to explore approaches for implementing HAC-zoning for meeting requirements from various verticals NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017

http://ncar.cs.helsinki.fi ashwin.rao@helsinki.fi THANK YOU http://ncar.cs.helsinki.fi ashwin.rao@helsinki.fi NoSQL Stores for Coreless Mobile Networks Ashwin Rao 20.09.2017