Changes, Champions, and Critics, 1980-2010 Globalization Changes, Champions, and Critics, 1980-2010

Globalization “the intensification of economic, cultural and political relations across borders” Globalization: A Preliminary Definition: “an unprecedented compression of time and space reflected in the tremendous intensification of social, political, economic, and cultural interconnections and interdependencies on a global scale.”--Steger, p. ix Conceptual manifestations: time-space compression; deterritorialization and supraterritoriality Tangible Manifestations—Multinational corporations, Multinational Organization, almost immediate exchange of goods, ideas, and values. Unequal beneficiaries; unequal burdens.

A critical view of Globalization from the U. S. perspective.

One way to approach this: think about the world before globalization Distance mattered—space often measured in time Territorial boundaries more or less kept things in and out Society and culture had spatial referents Everything had its “place” (literally)

Globalization and Change In a world of deterritorialization and supraterritoriality: Distance becomes almost irrelevant (the end of distance) Boundaries are increasingly permeable. Groups and cultures increasingly don’t have a territorial basis (deterritorialization) A new kind of non-physical “place” is emerging (supraterritoriality)

Globalization and Change Bosworth and Gordon: A survey of some key processes Expansion of international commerce Rising importance of private capital flows Increasing travel and migration Increased communication and interaction between peoples

Globalization and Change Bosworth and Gordon also point to some of the key public controversies over globalization: The fact there are winners and losers, and societies vary in how much they compensate the losers Continuing poverty: ¼ world’s population below $1 a day; over ½ below $2 a day Inequality between rich and poor is rising Environmental concerns and conflict over global governance Open borders and their effects (the piggy-back effect)

Globalization and Change Frank Lechner: Empirical Debates Process vs. Project New Era vs. Nothing New (Globabaloney) Hard vs. Soft 4. End vs. Revival of Nation State 5. Cultural Sameness vs. Difference

Globalization and Change Amartya Sen: Normative Debates (Good vs. Bad) Whether globalization is a Western curse Whether globalization fairly benefits the poor Whether the institutional infrastructure of globalization is adequate

So what? Ongoing challenges: population growth, migration, climate change, environmental degradation, haves and have-nots “Over the past decade globalization has been driven by technological advances…..But globalization has also been driven by policies and ideas…”--Bosworth & Gordon