Male Sex Workers Last updated: December 2016

CONTENT Data availability and population size estimates HIV prevalence and epidemiology Risk behaviors Vulnerability and HIV knowledge National response

Data availability and population size estimates

Estimated male sex workers Male sex workers (MSW) size estimates, countries where data is available, 2009-2015   Country Estimated male sex workers Year of Estimate 1 Bangladesh 29,777 2015 2 Malaysia 5,000 2009 3 Nepal 11,376 2012 4 Pakistan 63,732 2011 5 Philippines 86,600 Thailand 18,239 2010 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting 2016; 2) Ministry of Health Malaysia, & World Health Organization. (2009). National Consensus Workshop: Estimation and Projection of the HIV Epidemic;3) Sub-Technical Working Group on Projection and Estimation, Situation Analysis Working Group. (2012). Size Estimation for Sex Workers, Power Point Presentation at Size Estimation Stakeholder Seminar, 10th January, 2012, Richmond Hotel, Nonthaburi

Inclusion of MSW in latest available sentinel and bio-behavioral surveys   Country Sentinel and/or Bio-behavioral surveys Behavioral surveys Comment 1 Bangladesh 2015 icddr,b 2013-14* *Survey among MSM, MSW, and Hijra in Bangladesh 2 Fiji - Behavioural study 2010 3 Nepal IBBS 2016 MSM/MSW/TG in Terai Highway Districts 4 Pakistan SGS 2011 5 PNG IBBS 2010 6 Philippines IHBSS 2015 7 Thailand IBBS 2014 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on HIV Sentinel Surveys and Bio-Behavioral Surveys

Proportion of MSM who sold sex to men, 2008-2015 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys; 2) Lan, W., Lu, W., L.Norris, J., Dong-min, L., Wei, G., Zheng-wei, D., & Ning, W. (2012). HIV Prevalence and Influencing Factors Analysis of Sentinel Surveillance among Men who have Sex with Men in China, 2003-2011. Chinese Medical Journal, 125(11), 1857-1861.; 3) Bavinton, B., Singh, N., Naiker, D. S., Deo, M. N., Talala, M., Brown, M.,Navokavokadrau, S. (2011). Secret Lives, Other Voices: A Community-based Study Exploring Male-to-Male Sex, Gender Identity and HIV Transmission Risk in Fiji.

HIV prevalence and epidemiology

HIV prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, 2009-2015 +Capital city, *Shenzhen, *** Terai Highway Districts *** Average for 5 provinces (Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Phuket, Ratchaburi and Chonburi) Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2.HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3.Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting; 4.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA.; and 5. www.aidsinfoonline.org

HIV prevalence data on MSW is scarce but it indicates higher HIV prevalence than FSW in most of the countries, 2011-2016 * FSW data is for 2011; ** 22 Highway Districts for FSW and Terai Highway Districts for MSW *** Port Moresby and FSW data is for 2010; **** FSW data is for 2013 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1) Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveys; 2) HIV Sentinel Surveillance Surveys; 3) Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

Syphilis prevalence among MSW, countries where data is available, 2009-2016 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1.J Zhao, W. Cai, L. Chen, J. Cheng, H. Ma, & X. Wang. (2012). A Comparison of HIV infection and Related Risk Factors between Money Boys and Non-commercial Men who have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China. Poster presented at the IAS 2012, Washington, D.C., USA. ; 2.Kelly, A., Kupul, M., et al. (2011). Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 3. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b.; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2016). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Terai Highway Districts of Nepal- 2016 (Round – I ) - Factsheet

Risk behaviours

Average duration in the profession of selling sex among MSW, countries where data is available, 2011-2014 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b ; and 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011

Average number of clients among MSW in the last month, 2009-2014 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b ; 2. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; 4. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011; anc National HIV and STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, DOH. (2014). 2013 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) Report. Manila, Philippines.

Proportion of MSW who reported condom use at last sex, 2010-2015 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

Proportion of MSW who reported consistent condom use with male clients, 2008-2014 Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2015). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. ; 4.Askim Na Save (Ask and Understand): People Who Sell and Exchange Sex in Port Moresby. Key Quantitative Findings. Sydney: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research and the University of New South Wales.; 5. Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), 15-20.

Proportion of MSW who reported transactional sex with female in the last month, 2008-2015 * Last year ** Last 3 months Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b..; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3.Cai, W.-D., Zhao, J., Zhao, J.-K., et al. (2010). HIV Prevalence and Related Risk Factors among Male Sex Workers in Shenzhen, China: Results from a Time–location Sampling Survey. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 86(1), 15-20.; 4.Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 5. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; 6. Department of Health Philippines- Epidemiology Bureau. (2015). IHBSS 2015 Fact Sheets

Proportion of MSW with overlapping risk behaviors, countries where data is available, 2009-2014 * In the last 12 months; (for Philippines, data is for male entertainment establishment workers) ** In the last month *** In the last 6 months; **** Ever injected drugs; Had sexual partner who inject drugs Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. icddr,b. (2015). A Survey of HIV, syphilis and risk behaviors among males having sex with males, male sex workers and hijra. Global Fund Rolling Continuation Channel Project of icddr,b. : Technical Report.; 2. National AIDS Control Program, Pakistan. (2011). HIV Second Generation Surveillance in Pakistan - National Report Round IV 2011.; 3. Ministry of Health Viet Nam. (2011). Integrated Biological and Behavioural Survey 2009; 4. National Centre for AIDS and STD Control. (2012). Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance (IBBS) Survey among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) and Transgender (TG) People in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Vulnerability and HIV knowledge

Proportion of MSW with comprehensive HIV knowledge, 2008-2014 * Male sex workers and transgender sex workers ** Male entertainment establishment workers Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on 1. UNAIDS. (2010). Global Report: UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic.; 2. National HIV and STI Surveillance and Strategic Information Unit, National Epidemiology Center, DOH. (2014). 2013 Integrated HIV Behavioral and Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS) Report. Manila, Philippines.

National response

Proportion of MSW reached with HIV prevention programmes, 2007-2014 Definition of reach : Know where to go to receive an HIV test and had been given condoms in the last 12 months Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on National AIDS Committee. (2015). Thailand Ending AIDS. Thailand AIDS Response Progress Report 2015. Reporting Period: Fiscal Year of 2014 ; and www.aidsinfoonline.org

Proportion of MSW who received an HIV test in the last 12 months and knew their results, 2010-2015 It is not strictly comparable across countries since methods and sampling varied. In addition, many surveys were conducted in a few urban areas and it might not necessarily reflect prevailing conditions at the national level. Source: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting

Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South Asia   Sex Workers Men who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize male-to-male sex Afghanistan YES Bangladesh NO Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in South-East Asia   Sex Workers Men who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize male-to-male sex Brunei NOT ILLEGAL YES Cambodia NO Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in East Asia   Sex Workers Men who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize male-to-male sex China YES NO Japan Mongolia DPR Korea Republic of Korea Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

Punitive laws hindering the HIV response in the Pacific   Sex Workers Men who have sex with men Criminalize sex work in private Criminalize soliciting Criminalize male-to-male sex Fiji NO YES Kiribati Marshall Islands FSM* Nauru NO INFO Palau Papua New Guinea NOT ILLEGAL Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu *Federated States of Micronesia Sources: Prepared by www.aidsdatahub.org based on UNAIDS, AIDS Data Hub, UNODC, UNFPA, and UNDP. (2014). Punitive Laws Hindering the HIV Response in Asia and the Pacific (October 2014)

slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org THANK YOU slides compiled by www.aidsdatahub.org Data shown in this slide set are comprehensive to the extent they are available from country reports. Please inform us if you know of sources where more recent data can be used. Please acknowledge www.aidsdatahub.org if slides are lifted directly from this site