Parts of a Cell

Defining Life Homeostasis: Regulation of the internal environment to maintain a constant state; for example, sweating to reduce temperature. Organization: Being composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. Metabolism: Consumption of energy Growth: A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter. Adaptation: The ability to change over a period of time in response to the environment Reproduction: The ability to produce new organisms.

What are cells? An organism is made of organ systems. Organ systems are made up of organs Organs are made up of tissues Tissues are made up of CELLS! Organ System Organ Tissue Brainpop: Cells & Cell Structures Cells!!!!

The Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Living cells come only from other living cells.

What technology was created that allowed cells to be discovered? Hint: you could not SEE a cell without this piece of equipment. MICROSCOPE

Cells Cells are made up of organelles. Organelles are like tiny organs. Each organelle has a job to do (or a specific function) just like our organs. The organelles work together to keep the cell alive and healthy.

Plant Cell Animal Cell

Cell Membrane A continuous, almost invisible structure surrounding the cell Supports & protects the cell Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell

Cytoplasm The cell’s environment or inner space. Mostly made of water and contains organelles The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus.

Nucleus The cell’s computer, brain, or manager. Uses DNA to control the cell’s activity Contains all the information the cell needs to do specific jobs, grow, and divide Information is stored in DNA molecules Contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes Determines what proteins will be made

Nuclear Membrane Protects and guards the nucleus. Allows materials to pass in and out. Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus Allows other materials to pass in and out of the nucleus

Ribosomes Produces protein which is the Product of the cell Cells need protein to survive and grow Protein

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) Transportation system of the cell. Carries material through the cell. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it so the proteins they make can be released directly into the ER for transport Smooth ER collects things and contains them

Golgi Bodies Packs Packs and carries proteins in little bubbles that separate and float into the cytoplasm. Prepares the proteins for use or delivery outside the cell

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell. Supplies energy that the cell needs. Breaks down sugar molecules into energy Need oxygen to make energy and give off carbon dioxide as waste

Lysosomes Cell’s recycler. Breaks down large food and digests old cell parts. Contains enzymes which break down the proteins

Vacuoles Storage bubbles found in cells. Much larger in plant cells. Store food or nutrients a cell might need to survive. Store waste products so the rest of the cell is protected from contamination.

The Difference between Animal & Plant Cells

Cell Wall Plant cells only Gives plants their shape, structure, support, and protection Surrounds the cell membrane Allows H2O, O2, and CO2, to pass in and out of the cell

Chloroplasts Plant cells only Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant through photosynthesis Where photosynthesis takes place Power generator for the plant Give plants their green color

Can you remember the function of each? Protein Cut out the symbols and glue them next to the correct cell part.

Surrounds and protects the plant cell Cell Membrane Organelles Cell Functions Plant Animal Picture Cell Wall Surrounds and protects the plant cell Cell Membrane Lets things in and out of the animal cell Chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis Cytoplasm The cell’s environment Mitochondria Provides energy Nucleus Controls the cell Lysosome Cell’s recycler Ribosome Produces protein Vacuole Stores waste Golgi Body Packs and carries items Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell’s transportation system Nuclear Membrane Protects the nucleus

Think of a City How does it operate? Who protects the city? Who runs the city? How does the city manage its trash? How does the city get food? How does the city get its power? How do you know when you are in the city limits?

Now think of a Cell What cell parts do you remember from Friday? Do the parts of the cell compare to any parts of a city? How many can you relate to the parts of a city? Cell Nucleus? Mitochondria??

A cell can be compared to a city! Each part of the cell has its own function or purpose. The parts of the cell can be compared to the parts of a city based on their similar purpose.

Cell City Analogies An analogy is a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based. Endoplasmic Reticulum The road represents the endoplasmic reticulum because they are both transportation systems

Cell Part City Analogy Purpose A. Cell City Area with fixed boundary B. Cell Membrane City Limits Surrounds & border C. Cytoplasm Environment Inner space D. Nucleus City Hall Controls the activities E. Nuclear Membrane Police Force Protects F. Ribosomes Farm or Factory Makes products G. Endoplasmic Reticulum Roads or Highways Transportation system H. Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS Packs & carries I. Mitochondria Power Plant or solar panels or windmills Provides power J. Lysosomes Recycling Plant or Waste Management Recycle & waste disposal K. Vacuole Storage Facility – boxes, crates, and plastic bags Stores food and waste L. Chloroplast Green grass within the city Where photosynthesis takes place M. Cell Wall Brick wall surrounding city Gives shape, structure, support, and protection is like because

Creating your own Cell = City You are going to create your own real or imaginary city. Each part of your city will correspond to a part of the cell. Look at your worksheet from yesterday. You must include all the parts needed for your cell 13 parts for plant cell

Sketch your city in pencil on large computer paper. Label and circle each part of the city A-M for plant cell Create a legend in the corner of your city. Color your city completely and neatly

A B C

A I C D G B H E J Legend A: Far Far Away B: Brick Wall C: Environment D: Shrek’s Castle E: Puss-n-boots Security Service F: Gingerbread Man’s Cookie Factory G: Roads H: 3 Blind Mice Delivery Service I: Dragon Power Service (DPS) J: Donkey Recycling F

Final Product Your map/picture must be neat, colorful, correctly labeled, and have a legend or key. Use pencil first then color (no markers). Be creative! Have fun with it. Past examples included underwater cities, prehistoric cities, skate parks, amusement parks 12 parts for plant cell

Plant Cell City Cell Lysosome Cell Wall Ribosome Cell Membrane Vacuole Cytoplasm Golgi body Chloroplast Endoplasmic reticulum Nuclear membrane Mitochondria Nucleus