Organisms that use light energy from the sun to produce food—autotrophs (auto = self) Ex: plants and some microorganisms (some bacteria and protists)

Photosynthesis Starting Materials Process Products Energy (sunlight) Carbon Dioxide Water The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food Sugars Oxygen

Organisms that CANNOT use the sun’s energy to make food—heterotrophs Ex: animals and most microorganisms

Cellular Respiration Starting Materials Process Products Sugars Oxygen The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy Energy (ATP) Carbon Dioxide Water

HOW THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER: IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENDOTHERMIC OR EXOTHERMIC? WHAT ABOUT CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes, but keep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerate ATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods…BUT HOW & WHERE DO THEY GET IT?

Nutrients – substances in food that provides body with raw materials and energy to carry out essential processes Carbohydrates (Sugar) Lipids (Fats) Proteins Water, vitamins and minerals are not a source of energy, but are also necessary for an organism to function

Minerals and Vitamins These are not food, but are necessary for organisms to carry out biological processes. Minerals: (not made by living things) Ca (calcium): used for muscle movement, for nerves to carry messages between the brain and every body part, for structural strength of bones and teeth Iron: needed by red blood cells to carry oxygen, used by muscles to store oxygen. Salt (NaCl): needed to help maintain correct fluid levels, transfer information in muscle and nerve fibers Vitamins: (made by living things) most vitamins function as catalysts for reactions within the body. Many of the enzymes in your body don’t “work” unless their physical structure is changed by a vitamin

Food’s Pathway to Energy Does your body get the same thing from every type of nutrient?

Carbohydrates Energy rich C, H, and O Simple sugars - glucose Complex carbohydrates – made up of many simple sugars attached to each other Starch – potatoes, rice Cellulose – make up plant cell walls Found in cell membranes, other cell parts, and store energy

Lipids (Fats) Contain more than 2x the energy of carbohydrates Store energy Protect internal organs Insulate the body

Proteins For tissue growth and repair Enzymes speed up chemical reactions Can be used for energy, but not as typical

Carbohydrate molecule (Sugar) Lipid Molecules (Fats) Protein molecule

The Simple Story of How Food Becomes Energy How is the food you just put in your mouth being broken down so your cells can actually use it as energy? Once it is small enough to be used by a cell what happens on the cellular level?

The source of your nutrient Assignment: Select which of the 5 major nutrients you will use for your book page. You are part of a group of illustrators that work for a children’s book company. You have been hired to illustrate a book for elementary students about what happens to food when you eat it. You will choose a specific type of nutrient (carbohydrate, fat, etc..) to focus on. Using your knowledge from this lesson, create a page for the book that illustrates: The pathway from your mouth to your cells – how is it used to create energy? The source of your nutrient Why it is important to your body – in other words, what does it provide for you?