By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL THE DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT AND THEIR INVISIBILITY By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso

IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL Context: Brazil Problem identification Comparative Graphs of the Brazilian penitentiary system Recent facts - Inauguration of the Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary

Brazil – 8th position in social inequality 1 . CONTEXT: BRAZIL Capital – Brasília Government System – Presidentialism Language – Portuguese Surface area – 8,511,996.3 Km² Gross Domestic Product - GDP – US$ 796 billion GDP Per Capita – US$ 4,321 Unemployment rate – 9.8% Illiteracy rate – 11.6% Population – 186.800.367 inhabitants Men – 49.22 % Women – 50.78 % Incarcerated population: 328.776 Brazil – 8th position in social inequality 46.9% of Brazilian domestic income is held by the richest 10% of the population, the lower 10% of the population receive 0.7% of the income

2. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 1. The right to receive intimate visits is not extended to female inmates, as it is granted to men   2. Female homosexuality is deemed as an administrative fault, though there is no legal action foreseen against it (which may even result in the loss of penalty reduction) 3. Basic female specificities are not taken into account: the women have no access to essential products, such as, for example, tampons, for which they try to compensate for by saving the soft part of the bread to use at the time of their menstruation

Penalty execution - WOMEN 3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS Penalty execution - WOMEN 48% 52% Pertentage of woman out ot the total imprisoned population In the Public Security System, which is inadequate to carry out the penalty, the women have no access to education or work, since these rights are not warranted during the time served in the police system. As a consequence, they are brutally impaired, once they become ineligible to receive penalty remission. Furthermore, at the police stations and public jails, there is no Public Defender to offer legal assistance, as the Federal Constitution demands. 96% Penalty Execution - MEN 78% 22% 4% Men Women In APPROPRIATE facilities In INAPPROPRIATE facilities

3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS Before being arrested WOMEN 33% 67% Did not live with their children Lived with their children Raising children after MEN’S imprisonment 87% 13% Assumed by the men’s partners Not assumed by the men’s partners Raising children after WOMEN’S imprisonment 19% 81% Assumed by the women’s partners Not assumed by the women’s partners

Visits by partners - MEN Visits by partners - WOMEN 3. COMPARATIVE GRAPHS Women are more abandoned when in prison. Only 18% receive visits from their partners, as opposed to men, among which 69% receive visits from their wives. Visits by partners - MEN 65% 35% Visits by partners - WOMEN 18% 82% Receive visits from their partners Do not receive Receiving visits WOMEN 36% 11% 53% A significant number of women does not receive visitors: 36%, plus 11% of the women who receive visits less than once a month Do not ever receive Receive less than once a month Receive visits

4. Recent facts - Inauguration of the Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary The State of São Paulo holds most of the female inmate population of the country, about 80% of the total of imprisoned women There is a clear unevenness in treatment between men and women in the Brazilian jail system, and it becomes clearer by looking into the public policies directed at each of these segments, be it structurewise, or regarding the allocation of resources to build better environments that attend to the specificities of women Women always inhabit remodeled buildings that usually maintain their previous physical structure, in total disobedience to the Human Rights and female specificities. These are buildings with structures already deemed inadequate – public facilities previously deactivated or interdicted, often because of security or health issues State Penitentiary (São Paulo)  was deactivated, “remodeled”, and in December 2005, became the “Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary, but without attending neither to female specificities nor to the social function of resocialization and reeducation

4. Sant’Ana Female Penitentiary 3 Cinema 1 Pavilions 4 4 sports courts and 2 vegetable gardens 5 Penitentiary Administration Areas 3 and 4 DO NOT EXIST ANYMORE 2 Housing companies

As a premise we should bear in mind that, whether in the Brazilian judicial system or in any of the democratic nations aware of Human Rights, those convicts of liberty-depriving penalties, even under impossibility of appeal, never lose their human condition legitimating, therefore, in their benefit, the invoking of the due respect to each and every one of their fundamental rights

By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso IMPRISONED WOMEN IN BRAZIL THE DIFFERENCE IN TREATMENT AND THEIR INVISIBILITY By Luciana Zaffalon Leme Cardoso