Lecture 7b: Hazardous waste BIO410- Ecology and Environmental Engineering FALL 2016 By Jasmin Šutković 28th Nov. 2016 Lecture 7b: Hazardous waste

Outline Hazardous waste Magnitude of the problem Waste processing Book Chapter 15– follow the subtitles in this presentations while reading the book. Hazardous waste Magnitude of the problem Waste processing Recovery alternatives Hazardous waste management facilities

Hazardous waste Simply defined, a hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment. Hazardous waste is generated from many sources, ranging from industrial manufacturing process wastes to batteries and may come in many forms, including liquids, solids gases, and sludges. https://www.epa.gov/hw/learn-basics-hazardous-waste

Regulations USA-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Laws and RegulationS https://www.epa.gov/rcra EUROPE- EU Waste Legislation http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/legislation/a.htm BIH - Law on Waste Management (RS BiH -2013 and FBiH -2009) http://iswa2015.org/assets/files/downloads/02_marjanovic__dragisa.pdf

According the RCRA, the hazardous waste is defined by the degree of instability, corrosivity, reactivity, or toxicity. This definition includes acids, toxic chemicals, explosives, and other harmful or potentially harmful waste.

Hazardous wastes are wastes that can cause substantial threats to our health and the environment. And we produce a lot of it - more than 400 million tons each year. Radioactive wastes will not be mentioned in this lecture but the next one.

WASTE PROCESSING AND HANDLING Chemical Stabilization-Fixation Waste is moved onto land for solidification to occur (as waste sludge – mixture of waste), to separate waste, for exp: heavy metals. Stabilizing material is added into the chemical mix so the chemicals are becoming solid. Volume Reduction Done via Incineration, which is a  waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials Waste Segregation Before final disposal, waste is separated according the chemical and type characteristics.

Detoxification Degradation Encapsulation Done by: Neutralization, ion exchange, incineration, pyrolysis, aerated lagoons and waste stabilization ponds. Degradation A form of chemical detoxification via hydrolysis and dechlorination or by natural soil microorganisms Encapsulation Immobilizing of chemicals into a solid block within a plastic or steal drum. Pyro = heat. Lysis = break down. Plastic Pyrolysis is chemical reaction. This reaction involves molecular breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules in presence of heat. Pyrolysis is also known as thermal cracking, cracking, thermolysis, depolymerization, etc. Aeration (also called aerification) is the process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in a liquid or substance. An aerated lagoon or aerated basin is a holding and/or treatment pond provided with artificial aeration to promote the biological oxidation of wastewaters. Waste or Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are large, man-made water bodies in which blackwater, greywater or faecal sludge are treated by natural occurring processes and the influence of solar light, wind, microorganisms and algae

Medicinal waste

PROJECT Principles and Practice of Waste Encapsulation Any volunteer ?

Handling and transport Special care must be taken during handling Educated and certificated personal can manage handling SPECIAL packaging must be provided Notes and labels must be noted on the chemical waste

Incineration TOPIC FOR PROJECT Waste to energy = Incineration Next volunteer?