THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Catalysts for Creation WWI and the Alliance System Wilson’s Idealism Modern Economy

Goals of L.O.N. Peace keeping Encourage contact among nations Settle nationalist issues Humanitarian efforts

Doomed to fail? Unequal Playing field Lack of military force Britain and France US did not join

EFFECTS OF WWI Immediate 4 million civilians killed 10 million soldiers killed RUS – 2 mil GER – 1.3 mil FRA – 1.3 mil GB – 900,000 US: 115,000 4 million civilians killed 350 billion dollars

2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place? Soviet Union 3. What issues/conflicts are likely to emerge as a result of the new map created in 1919? 2. In what region of Europe did most of the changes take place?

Long Term Effects 1. Destruction of Eastern & Central European Empires 2. Communism in Russia

Long Term Effects 3. Weakening of Europe --Economic instability: Economic power moves to US & Japan --Unresolved nationalistic issues --Dissent in the colonies: Forced to make concessions to non-European areas

Long Term Effects 4. Social & Political Transformations Women Monarchies

The World By the 1920’s 3 Major Patterns W. Eur. = Incomplete recovery Negative pol. & econ. patterns arose: Fascism in Italy; crippling tariffs W. Europe’s world econ. dominance fell behind U.S. & Japan

The World By the 1920’s 3 Major Patterns 2. U.S. & Japan = New giants in indust. prod.

The World By the 1920’s 3 Major Patterns 3. Consequential Revolutions in: Mexico Russia China

The World By the 1920’s The Roaring Twenties *Brief period of stability and optimism Germany’s new dem. gov’t promised friendship & coop. Kellogg-Briand Act = outlawed war General econ. prosperity

The World By the 1920’s The Roaring Twenties – cont’d *Brief period of stability and optimism Intro. of new consumer items: radios & autos Cultural burst in arts, film, lit. Women achieve voting rights & social freedoms in West.

THE GREAT GLOBAL DEPRESSION – 1930s

Causes German reparations fueled Hyperinflation

Causes 2. Overproduction: supply > demand

Causes 3. Excessive expansion of credit

Causes 4. Tariffs = poor domestic economy

Causes 5. Stock market crash & panic

Impact Who was impacted the most? Western democracies & Japan High unemployment in indust. countries Value of exports drop Bank failures; collapse of credit Extreme political reactions/massive rearmament

GERMANY ITALY JAPAN Rise of Nazism Rise of Fascism Failure of a return to Pre- War Government Failure of Democracy (Weimar Republic) Failure of a Civilian government Rise of Nazism Rise of Fascism MILITARISM & EXPANSION

Impact Who was not impacted? USSR Isolated Communist regime Stalin’s 5 year plan Depression clip

Fascism vs. Nazism Summary 1.Fascism is a term that was originally referred to the fascists of Italy under Mussolini. Nazism on the other hand, though a form of Fascism, referred to as National Socialism, is in an ideological concept of the Nazi Party. (National Socialist German Workers’ Party of Adolf Hitler) 2.For Fascists, the state was the most important element. But Nazism emphasized on racism. 3.While fascism considered state as important, Nazism considered ‘Aryanism’ as more important.

Hitler's Germany became known as a fascist state Hitler's Germany became known as a fascist state. “Fascist” was originally used to describe the government of Benito Mussolini in Italy. Mussolini's fascist one-party state emphasized patriotism, national unity, hatred of communism, admiration of military values and unquestioning obedience. Hitler was deeply influenced by Mussolini's Italy and his Germany shared many of the same characteristics. The German economic system remained capitalistic but the state played a more prominent role in managing the economy. Industrialists were sometimes told what to produce and what price they should charge for the goods that they made. The government also had the power to order workers to move to where they were required.