Diseases such as cancer and heart disease are not considered to be infectious diseases because they are Too serious to be caused by germs Causes by viruses rather than bacteria Not passed from one person to another Unlikely to run in families

Which of the following best describes Koch’s postulates? Procedures that describe how to isolate a pathogen Hypotheses that suggest germs are communicable Conditions that prove that a pathogen causes a disease Techniques that prevent transmission of a pathogen

Which of the following could transfer a pathogen that spreads by direct contact only? Kissing an infected person Getting bitten by an infected mosquito Touching an infected door knob Breathing in an airborne pathogen

Mosquitoes infected with the protozoa that cause malaria can infect people with the protozoa through a mosquito bite. These mosquitoes are examples of Viruses Pathogens Parasites Vectors

Which of the following prevents pathogens from entering the body? Sneezing Immunity Antibodies Skin

The white blood cells that engulf pathogens that are inside of the body are Lymphocytes Interferons Phagocytes T cells

Which cells work to destroy body cells infected by a pathogen? T cells B cells Basophils Phagocytes

Antibodies can make it easier for phagocytes to destroy pathogens by causing the pathogens to Clump together Produce enzymes Burst open Shrivel up

The type of immunity that is produced in response to a specific pathogen infecting your body is called Genetic immunity Inherited immunity Active immunity Passive immunity

What is the term for a nonspecific immune response characterized by redness and swelling? Fever Tissue rejection Antigen Inflammation

Cellular immunity and humoral immunity are similar because they both Depend on interferons Produce acquired immunity Cause pathogens to clump Require activated B cells

Antigens are important because they help he immune system Engulf infected body cells Cause pathogens to clump Recognize foreign cells Produce T cells

What function do T cells have in humoral immunity? They produce antibodies They activate B cells They engulf pathogen clumps They display antigens on their membrane

In order to decrease the chances of tissue rejection in the recipient of an organ transplant, the recipient’s protein markers must be Recognized by the donated tissue Weakened through the use of drugs Matched closely to the donor. Inactivated by the immune system

Chemicals that target specific bacteria and fungi inside the body and prevent them from reproducing are called Toxoids Vaccines Antiseptics Antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance can occur when bacteria Mutate Grow Reproduce Die

Which of the following is true of all vaccines? They prevent viral infections only. They provide acquired immunity. They are ineffective against the flu. They contain live, active viruses.

If you are exposed to a pathogen for which you have already been vaccinated, your immune system will Make new memory cells Fight the infection right away Produce no immune response Release antigens for the pathogen

Which is an example of an antiseptic? Penicillin Soap Vaccine Toxoid

Which of the following is true of allergens? They are present only in peanuts. They have the same effect on everyone. They make the immune system overreact. They cannot cause anaphylaxis.

Which of the following do white blood cells release too much of in an allergic reaction? Eosinophils Antigens Histamines Allergens

A severe allergic reaction in which large amounts of histamines are released is called Anaphylaxis Asthma Arthritis Inflammation

Which of the following is a characteristic of asthma? Histamines are inhaled. Inflammation fights infection. Plants release spores. Airways tighten.

In an autoimmune disease, immune system cells attack Pathogens only Healthy cells Respiratory allergens Abnormal growths

Leukemia weakens the immune system by causing the bone marrow to produce Ineffective T cells Too many red blood cells Weekend B cells Defective white blood cells

Pathogens that cause an opportunistic infection Attack both healthy and unhealthy cells Rarely affect a healthy immune system Do not cause problems for those with HIV Produce defective white blood cells

In which of the following ways can a person contract HIV? From sexual intercourse From donating blood From a public swimming pool From a mosquito bite

When T cells are infected with HIV, people are vulnerable to opportunistic infections because their T cells Reproduce too quickly Cannot activate B cells Destroy pathogens Will not mature