GENDER TOOLS FOR ENERGY PROJECTS Module 2 Unit 2 GENDER TOOLS FOR ENERGY PROJECTS Module 2 Unit 2.2 Framework for Gender Analytic Tools

Learning goal After completing this topic participant should be able: To explain the framework for gender analytic tools to fellow professionals and justify its use in project planning

FRAMEWORK FOR GENDER ANALYTIC TOOLS A set of gender analytic tools has been developed specifically for the energy planning context. These tools are intended to assist you in the planning of energy projects. It is intended to be used in all projects, whether gender is a very important variable or not, i.e. it is the intention to mainstream gender. It is designed to follow standard planning procedures and include gender at every point In this kind of planning, gender is seen as one of many important variables, but may not be the over-arching or most important one. The tools pave the way for energy project planning based on disaggregated data from the main stakeholders with a strong focus on the gender distinction. When organisations integrate these tools into their own project planning process they should arrive at a high quality, effective, gender sensitive energy project planning process.

Project Planning Situations There is no one typical or standard approach to planning energy projects, into which gender considerations could be slotted. In reality there are at least two different project planning situations in which gender and energy need to come together, and some variations of these.   We distinguish two different planning situations: Energy technology projects Integrated development projects, in which energy is one component

Project Planning Situations Energy technology projects: These are projects which set out to promote one or two particular types of technology, such as solar home systems, or improved stoves, or decentralised mini-grids. They are focused on the problems of dissemination and adoption of this type of technology. In some ways such projects can be thought of as supply driven; the purpose is to promote certain kinds of energy technology, for the good of a given population. In this case the main question that arises from a gender point of view is, to what extent will this technology, or these technologies, bring about positive gender impacts? An energy technology project does not necessarily have to be initiated in the energy sector, for example, smokeless stoves could be initiated as a health sector project.

Project Planning Situations Integrated development projects: Integrated development projects try to assist communities to develop over a broad range of sectors, of which energy may be just one, and in which energy may be just a component necessary for achievements in other sectors. The gender/energy question then becomes, what are the energy components necessary to achieve overall goals, including gender goals, and how can these energy requirements best be satisfied? Variations on this model are women’s development projects, where the target is clearly women. The question then becomes: to what extent is energy hindering the achievement of the gender goals and how can energy be used as a vehicle for the furtherance of women’s development?

STANDARD STEPS IN PROJECT PLANNING The starting point for these two types of project is different, and therefore it is logical that to some extent the approach to gender must reflect this, particularly in the problem analysis and project formulation stages. However, in both cases the main line of reasoning is the same. It has also become accepted practice in both cases to use a participatory approach in which the community (target group) plays a significant role in defining the problems and setting priorities.

STANDARD STEPS IN PROJECT PLANNING In general one could say the main steps in both types of planning will be as follows: Identifying stakeholders: Who is involved? Problem analysis – what is the problem and how could we solve it (= project formulation) Identifying assumptions and external factors that could influence the project in a negative way Summing up before moving on to project implementation

STANDARD STEPS IN PROJECT PLANNING These steps are normally carried out in all projects planning where a standard project cycle, logical framework, or a sustainable livelihoods approach is used. The challenge is to introduce the gender element at every stage, using gender analytic tools specially designed for energy. In the framework, the gender/energy questions that are likely to come up in each stage in project planning are listed. At the stage of problem analysis and project formulation, there are two sets of questions in parallel: one set for projects of the energy technology type and one for the integrated development project type. Questions about the stakeholders, assumptions and external factors, as well as the summing up, are common to both types of project.

The gender framework A. Identifying stakeholdersDia 7 What kind of project are you involved in? Integrated Development Project Energy Technology Project Dia 8B. Problem analysis / Project formulation B*. Problem analysis / Project formulation C. Identifying assumptions and external factursDia 9 D. Summing upDia 10 The gender framework

A. Identifying stakeholders A1. Who are the stakeholders? A2. What subdivisions among men and women in the community need to be recognised? A3. What are the gender goals of the stakeholders and subgroups? A4. What indicators should be used to measure achievement of gender goals? A5. What opportunities/constraints do local cultural practices pose to the planning process?

B. Problem analysis / Project formulation B1. What tasks would people in the community (men/women) most like to improve and in what way? B*1. Given that the project is working with / can offer energy technology type X (or types Y and Z) in what kinds of task currently undertaken, or which are likely to be undertaken in the future, could they be used? B2. What energy sources and technologies are involved in the activities people presently undertake and what are the energy requirements of any new activities which they plan to undertaken in the future? B*2. Who (men/women) are, or will be, involved in the activities to which this technology might be applied? In what ways are they involved? B3. In what way could energy technology play a part in improving the tasks that people (men/women) have prioritised? B*3. Who (men/women) has access to and/or control over energy sources and technologies used? B4. Who (men/women) uses, and who controls energy sources and technologies used? B*4. What are people’s views on the proposed energy technologies? B5. What energy technologies do people themselves see as possible solutions to improve their lives? What are the views of men and women n the value of the proposed energy technologies and what are their priorities? B*5. Is the adoption of this energy technology a high priority for people?

C. Identifying assumptions and external factors C1. Who (men/women) will benefit/be disadvantaged, and in what way, by adoption of the proposed energy technologies and by the proposed means of implementation? C2. Who (men/women) have access to and control over key resources critical to adoption and sustainable use of the energy technology and participation in implementation? C3. Who (men/women) are going to be involved in maintenance and repair; and is capacity building necessary? If so, for whom? C4. Who (men/women) are going to be involved in management and under what arrangements? C5. Is the implementing agency sufficiently aware of gender issues to ensure the project is implemented in a gender sensitive way? C6. What opportunities follow from international, national or regional policies?

D. Summing up D1. What are the appropriate gender indicators for the project’s gender goals? D2. Given the proposed energy technologies, what effect will they have on the quality of life of men & women and how do these benefits relate to the gender goals?

Discussion Point 2.2.1 Which kind of project planning is more common in your organization? - Energy technology projects? - Integrated development projects? Do you have experience in both types of projects? Are there any other project planning situations you can think of? Describe them. Are different planning tools used in these two different situations? Do you think that gender differences and thus gender sensitive energy planning is more important for one of the two project planning situations? Why?

DISCUSSION POINT 2.2.2 Do you recognise these four stages in project planning from your own experience? Or do you have a different approach to project planning? Are there other steps you include?

DISCUSSION POINT 2.2.3 The framework suggests a set of questions that need to be addressed, each one with a gender component. Do you think that the formulated questions cover all the necessary issues? What additions might be necessary?

THANK YOU END OF UNIT 2.2