The child described as expresses oy or happiness in subdued a very subdued or restrained manner in: Disinhibited social engagement disorder Reactive attachment disorder Adjustment disorder Depression All of the above

Define attachment

Family with high expressed emotion in schizophrenia

Emotions

Emotions الإنفعالات are typically brief, lasting only seconds or minutes, but moods الأمزجة، جمع مزاج last longer (hours or even days).

Basic emotions are related to instincts غرائز Basic emotions are related to instincts غرائز. Instincts are built-in in the animal structure. Hence any animal has some basic emotions like fear and anger. These basic emotions are not learned. Although can be subjected to conditioning.

Freud thought that there are two instincts (death and life) Eros and thanatos hate and love.

Seven emotions are currently distinguished: anger, sadness, excitement, fear, disgust, surprise, interest

Limbic system basic emotions Pride, guilt, envy,….. Cortex Damage to frontal lobes disinhibition

Neurotransmitters

William James had published his studies about emotions in a journal specialized in philosophy in the 19th century because at his time psychology was not developed like now.

James – Lange theory

Biofeedback Botox for depression Beta-blockers

Cannon- Bard theory

Cognitive theory Singer, and Schachter Injection of adrenaline This cognitive activity may be conscious or unconscious.

Emotion, according to the recent cognitive theory, occurs in the following order: 1.) Cognitive appraisal تثمين، تقييم، تخمين— 2.) Physiological changes—The cognitive reaction starts biological changes such as increased heart rate or pituitary adrenal response. 3.) Action—The individual feels the emotion and chooses how to react.

For example: Hiba sees a snake. 1.) Hiba cognitively assesses the snake in her presence, which triggers fear. 2.) Her heart begins to race faster. Adrenaline pumps through her blood stream. 3.) Hiba screams and runs away.

Two hemispheres Prefrontal cortex Space occupying lesion Partial epilepsy

Temporal lobes TLE personality Lt. TLE (humorless) Vs. Rt. Excessive Bilateral injury to temporal lobes Amygdala and fear The amygdala as a gate

Emotional Intelligence Gardner theory of multiple intelligence Mirror neurons

Mcq

The mechanism of biofeedback, botox injection for depression are explained in the Freud theory Limbic system-neurotransmitter theory James lange theory Canon bard theory Singer schachter theory

Which of the following is not a basic emotion anger, sadness, Guilt fear, surprise

Tumors, infarctions Sodium amobarbital Epilepsy (focal) Lt. vs. Rt. Hemisphere Tumors, infarctions Sodium amobarbital Epilepsy (focal)

Depression vs. Mania TCA SSRI Antipsychotics antiepileptics