for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.3: Demonstration of the use of decontaminated sediments as a substrate for growing pomegranate and strawberry and for fruit production ‘Demonstration of the use of decontaminated sediments as a substrate for growing pomegranate, strawberry and lettuce for crop production’ B.3.2 - Planting and cultivating strawberry plants Two strawberry cultivars, Camarosa (June bearing) and Monterey (ever-bearing) have been planted in 80x40x40h cm plastic pots in open air. Three pots (3 repetition) for every substrate (TS0, TS50 and TS100) have been used. 180 plants (90 Camarosa and 90 Monterey) in 18 pots have been planted in the third week of April 2016, in total. Strawberry trial design Fr = strawberry; Ca = Camarosa; Mo = Monterey; TS = Treated Soil; B1-3 = replicates

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.3:- Demonstration of the use of decontaminated sediments as a substrate for growing pomegranate and strawberry and for fruit production ‘Demonstration of the use of decontaminated sediments as a substrate for growing pomegranate, strawberry and lettuce for crop production’ B.3.5 - Assessment of plant growth and development Data about plants vigour have been gathered on every planted strawberry: Maximum height, Crown diameter, Number of fully expanded leaves , Leaf surface (calculated by Tomato analyzer 3.0), Leaf blade colour, SPAD index, Plant final appearence (UPOV descriptors), Final root lenght, Fresh weight and dry weight of stem and roots, Plant mortality (%), Data have been gathered every 20 days until plant activity interruption (end of September). A photo has been taken for each plant, every date collection. 2016 date collection 09-05 30-05 20-06 12-07 01-08 05-09 30-09

The unexpected event – hail storm 01-08-2016 TS100 TS50 TS0 Monterey 18-05-2016 TS100 TS50 TS0 01-06-2016

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates mm mm mm a b mm

*Data on at least 56 plants per treatment Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates b a *Data on at least 56 plants per treatment Number of final fully expanded leaves per plant mm2 b a *Data on at least 40 leaves per treatment

*Data on at least 40 leaves per treatment Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates TS0 TS50 TS100 a b a,b a a a a a a L a b *Data on at least 40 leaves per treatment

Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates a a b b b cm b *Data on at least 56 plants per treatment *Data on 30 plants per treatment

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates Mean fresh and dry weight of fruit* Fruit mean maximum diameter, * g mm *Data represents value of Monterey and Camarosa fruit; the very low number of fruit doesn’t allow a reliable stastistical analysis

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates Titratable acidity – cv Monterey* Total solid soluble – cv Monterey* meq/100 g FW °Brix TS0 TS50 TS100

*Data on 30 plants per treatment Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates b a Fresh weight and dry weight of stem and root of strawberry plants g *Data on 30 plants per treatment Cultivar Treatment Final Mortality (%) CAMAROSA TS0 TS50 TS100 MONTEREY 10,0 16,7 13,3

Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action C.2: Monitoring and validation of the use of remediated sediments for plant nursing C.2.2. Qualitative evaluation of strawberry, pomegranate and lettuce on different substrates Strawberry: Appearance of plants and leaves (UPOV descriptors) Cultivar Treatment Plant Leaf Petiole Growth habit Density of foliage Vigor Size Color of upper side Blistering Glossiness Variegation Length CAMAROSA TS0 upright dense strong large medium green absent or weak absent long TS50 medium yellow green /medium green TS100 upright/semi upright MONTEREY sparse sparse/ medium absent or weak/medium weak Plant habit Density of foliage

Observations and conclusions Strawberry Cv Camarosa showed a major vigour, respect to Monterey for each substrate. Strawberry cv Monterey can allow two harvest time in our environment. For season 2016 there were no difference between plant cultivated on TS50 and TS100 but the one cultivated on TS0 always had a major vigour. TS0 TS50 TS100

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Year 2017 Substrates have been prepared in February with the same process of 2016. Cultivation of strawberry will be performed on new substrates at DISPAA and on the two years old sediment at Zelari company with the same cultivar, number of plant and repetition. Zelari strawberry Zelari strawberry: TS100 (28-3-2017) Strawberry have been planted the 23th of February and the first of March at DISPAA and Zelari respectively. Data will be gathered every 30 days from plantation; number of buds composing the single plants will be taken into account for a better vigour evaluation.

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Let’s starting from the strawberry leaf. Each graphs represent two cultivars, Camarosa and Monterey and in blue the commercial leaf of strawverry plants bought t in nursy plant. First we can see how the 2 cultivars differ in absorbing elements. However, it is possible to see a trend : Leaves on TS100 and TS50 absorb more elements respect leaves on TS0. This happen for Al, Ni anc Cromium with the exception of stronium which have leaves on peat have the greatest absorpium. All these elements are not harmful for plant growth and metabolism

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Leaves grown on Ts100 ans Ts50 have more amount of copper and iron. Manganese is accumulated mostly by leaves grown on TS0. Zinc was accumulated moslty by commercial leaves.

Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Strawberry fruit EFSA, Scientific Opinion for element in foodstuff (2012-2015) TDI: Tolerable Daily Intake TDI (mg/kg bw) Ni 0.0028 Cr 0.03 Zn 25 Cu 5 Sr 0.13 Al 0.14 For understand how many kilos a person of 60 kg of body weight can eat, we need: 1)TDI The definition of TDI: is the maximum amount of chemical, element, toxin, expressed on a body mass basis, that can be taken in daily (or weekly) over lifetime without appreciable health risk. I found all these TDI values for each elements from the Scientif Opinion written by European Food Safety Autority The TDI for Fe and Mn is missing, because they are not considered dangerous for human health (EFSA)

Element concentration (mg/kg dw) Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Strawberry fruit Element concentration (mg/kg dw) Treatment Ni Cr Zn Cu Sr Al TS0 0.7 0.2 6.6 2.4 18.6 107.1 TS50 0.5 7.4 3.5 16.9 28.3 TS100 0.1 3.1 17.4 35.8 Comm 0.4 9.2 4.3 1.9   No comparison with Codex alimentarius (WHO)

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Strawberry fruit Tolerable daily amount (kg fw) strawberry fruit intake for a person of 60 kg Treatment Ni Sr Al Cr Zn Cu TS0 2.2 3.7 0.7 72.4 2000.2 1093.8 TS50 2.7 3.8 2.5 82.1 1699.7 708.4 TS100 2.0 3.6 1.9 118.8 1803.9 773.0 Comm 4.2 43.9   84.0 1709.3 737.2 Next step: discussion with EFSA experts (as for lettuce head’s case)

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.1. Screening crops based on determination of pollutants Ih this slide we can see hoe the element concentratuion in leaf and fruit is different. IN generaL, LEAF absrob more element than fruit (as we hypothesed). With the exxception of Aluminum which is higher for fruit grown on peat (Ts0).

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.2. Screening crops based on nutraceutical compounds Strawberry fruit Let’s passing to the ntraceutical compounds. We did not find any differences for antioxidant activity and total sugars. On the other hand, frutis grown on TS100 TS50 gained more amount of phenols comparing with TS0. Probably, the greater amunt of phenols infuits gwotn on sedimetn could be provocke by the precence of stresses for the (probably related to the sediment environemntal condition)

for safe and sustainable horticulture production Project LIFE14 ENV/IT/113 - Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediments for safe and sustainable horticulture production Action B.5: Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of fruits ‘Chemical quality and sensorial analysis of crops’ B.5.2. Screening crops based on nutraceutical compounds Strawberry fruit Concerning organic acid, no diferrences in citric and malic acid between treatments. While acrobic acid there were differences: no ascorbi acid for fruit grown on TS100, a small amount for TS50 and greater for TS0. This could also a response to stress: under stress condition, the ascorbic acid decrease.