Cestode of Poultry Family Davaineidae Davainea proglottina Raillietina spp.

Family Dilepididae Amoebotaenia Choanotaenia Family Hymenolepis Hymenolepis

Family Davaineidae Rostella hooks: hammer like sucker: hooks reproductive organ: 1 set egg: egg capsule, par-uterine organ

Davainea proglottina Host: ไก่ นกพิราบ สัตว์ปีก organ: duodenum adult: 4-9 segments (0.5-3 mm) rostella hooks = 80-94 hooks

genital pore: alternative opening egg: in parenchyma Davainea proglottina Sucker: 4 rows of hooks genital pore: alternative opening egg: in parenchyma size = 28-40 micron

D a v a I n e a proglottina

Life Cycle Intermediate host: slug (Limax, Avian, Cepoea, Agriolimax) Onchosphere Cysticercoid

Raillietina tetragona host: ไก่ นกพิราบ นกยูง ไก่ฟ้า adult: 25 cm scolex: small rostella hooks = 100 hooks (1-2 rows)

Raillietina tetragona sucker: oval, hooks (8-10 rows) genital pore: lateral (only one side) egg: egg capsule (6-12 eggs) intermediate host: มด (Tetramprium, Pheidole)

Raillietina echinobothrida host: ไก่ ไก่งวง organ: intestine rostella hooks = 200 hooks (2 rows) sucker: round, hooks (8-10 rows)

Raillietina echinobothrida Genital pore: unilateral intermediate host: Tetramorium, Pheidole

Raillietina cesticillus Host: เป็ด ไก่ organ: intestine adult: 4-15 cm. Scolex: large

Raillietina cesticillus Rostellum: broad, hooks (400-500) sucker: small, no hooks intermediate host: แมลงปีกแข็ง

Amoebotaenia cuneata Host: ไก่ organ: intestine adult: 1 x 4 mm, triangle shape proglottids: 20 segments

Rostella hooks: 12-14 hooks genital pore: bilateral testes: 12 testes Amoebotaenia cuneata Rostella hooks: 12-14 hooks genital pore: bilateral testes: 12 testes row: end of each segment uterus: sac (lobule)

Life cycle Intermediate host: ไส้เดือนดิน Eisenia, Pheretina Ocnerodrilus, allolobophora

Choanotaenia infundibulum Host: ไก่ ไก่งวง organ: intestine adult: 20 cm. proglottid: posterior broader than ant.

Choanotaenia infundibulum Rostella hook: 16-20 hooks genital pore: bilateral testes: 25-60 testes egg: egg capsules intermediate host: แมลงวันบ้าน, แมลงปีกแข็ง

Pathogenesis Davainea proglottina: most virulence necrotic & haemorrhagic enteritis chronic: low growth rate, emaciation, weakness & death

Raillietina echinobothrida Pathogenesis Raillietina echinobothrida duodenum: nodule hyperplastic enteritis

Raillietina tetragona Pathogenesis Raillietina tetragona weight loss low production

Clinical signs Severe in young chicks เบื่ออาหาร ปีกตก กระหายน้ำจัด ผอม โลหิตจาง ไข่ลด อุจจาระร่วง (ปนเลือด)

Diagnosis Fecal examination Post mortem: adult worms Lesions: nodules

Treatment Butynorate Niclosamide Hexachlorophene Praziquantel Albendazole Oxfendazole Mebendazole Betel nut

Cestode of Man Family Hymenolepididae Family Taeniidae Hymenolepis nana Hymenolepis diminuta Family Taeniidae Taenia saginata, Taenia solium

Hymenolepis nana “dwarf tape worm”...Hymenolepidiasis host: คน, หนู organ: intestine smallest tapeworm

rostella hooks: 1 rows (20-30 hooks) genital pore: unilateral Hymenolepis nana adult: 25-40 x 0.5-0.9 mm, 200 seg. scolex: 4 suckers rostella hooks: 1 rows (20-30 hooks) genital pore: unilateral

gravid segment: uterine sac (80-200) egg: 44-62 x 30-55 micron Hymenolepis nana Testes: 3 testes gravid segment: uterine sac (80-200) egg: 44-62 x 30-55 micron

Life Cycle Intermediate host: flea (cysticercoid), dung beetle

Infection in Man 1. Direct infection: children 2. Indirect infection 3. Autoinfection (reinfection)

Pathogenesis number of infested worms duration of infection host: enteritis, stomach ache, vomiting, anemia, eosinophilia

Treatment Niclosamide (Yomesan):2 g Paranomomycin: 45 mg/kg, 5-7 d. Praziquantel: 25 mg/kg, 10 d interval

Control & Prevention 1. Personal hygiene 2. Environmental hygiene - sanitation 2. Environmental hygiene - reservoir

Hymenolepis diminuta “rat tapeworm” adult: 20-40 cm (800-1000 segments) scolex: 4 suckers, rostellum no hook egg: no filament, 2 opposite polar poles 60-70 x 72-86 micron

Life Cycle intermediate host: cysticercoid beetle, flea, cockroach no autoinfection

Pathogenesis Man: stomach ache, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss Dx: fecal examination Rx: same as H. nana

Control & Prevention 1. Cooked food 2. Eliminate intermediate host 3. Eliminate reservoir host 4. Deworming & sanitation

Taenia saginata Host: man organ: intestine (jejunum) “พยาธิตืดวัว”…..Taeniasis

scolex: 4 sucker, no rostellum/hook segment: 1000-2000 proglottids Taenia saginata adult: 4-12 m. scolex: 4 sucker, no rostellum/hook segment: 1000-2000 proglottids testes: 880-1200 testes ovary : bilobes

gravid proglottids: 14-32 uterine branches Taenia saginata Genital pore: lateral gravid proglottids: 14-32 uterine branches egg: thick embryophore (brown-yellow)…..radiation

Life cycle final host: man intermediate host: cattle, buffalo Cysticercus bovis (เม็ดสาคู) กล้ามเนื้อลาย กล้ามเนื้อหัวใจ กระบังลม

Cysticercus bovis

Pathogenesis อาการในคน: อ่อนเพลีย คลื่นไส้ ปวดท้อง น.น.ลด ท้องผูก อาการแพ้ ลมพิษ คัน ลำไส้อุดตัน eosinophilia, high IgE

Diagnosis History: eating habit Fecal examination Proglottidal examination

Treatment Niclosamide: 2 gram Praziquantel: 5-10 mg/kg Quinacrine: 7-10 mg/kg Herb: มหาด

Control & Prevention 1. Knowledge: epidemiology 2. Sanitation 3. Deworming program 4. Eating habit

Control & Prevention 5. Meat inspection 6. Cooking processes

Taenia solium host: man organ: intestine Taeniasis…..Cysticercosis

scolex: small square, 4 suckers rostella hooks: 2 rows (22-32 hooks) Taenia solium adult: 2-7 m. (800-1000 segments) scolex: small square, 4 suckers rostella hooks: 2 rows (22-32 hooks) gravid segment: almost square shape

Taenia solium

Taenia solium Testes = 375-575 ovary: bilobes + accessory lobe gravid seg.: 7-13 branches egg: 31-43 micron

Life cycle final host: man intermediate host: pig Cysticercus cellulosae: กล้ามเนื้อหัวใจ กล้ามเนื้อลาย (10 x 20 mm)

Cysticercosis Infection in man 1. Food contamination 2. Contamination on hand 3. Autoinfection external & internal infection

Development of Cysticercosis Organs: สมอง ตา เยื่อหุ้มสมอง กล้ามเนื้อลาย กล้ามเนื้อหัวใจ ตับ ปอด อวัยวะอื่นๆ calcified cysts

Cysticercus racemosus abnormal (degenerated) form of C. cellulosae….budding grape like (tree-like growth) organs: ventricle, choroid plexus, subarachnoid space

Pathogenesis Cerebral cysticercosis: cortex, ventricle, meninges, cerebellum convulsion increase intracranial pressure psychiatric disorder

Ocular cysticercosis route: retinal blood flow ant. & vitreous chamber, subretina tissue, conjunctiva, lacrimal gl., eyelid retinal edema, hemorrhage, vasculitis, chorioretinitis, retinal attachment

Muscular cysticercosis inflammation, fibrous calcified cyst all muscle tissue inflammation, fibrous calcified cyst

Diagnosis History, clinical signs X-ray, CT-scan eosinophilia, biopsy skin test, ELISA, IHA

Treatment surical removal medicine: Praziquantel: 30-50 mg/kg 10 d Flubendazole: 40 mg/kg 10 d

Control & Prevention cooked food deworming program