Settlements of people spread throughout Africa Colonialism in Africa Settlements of people spread throughout Africa

Colonialism Muslim traders crossed the Sahara Desert as early as 1000 C.E. Traded salt for gold and slaves Instill the Islamic faith around the Sahara and Sahel Europeans started moving into the region during the 1400s

Reasons for Colonization Spread God Most people in Sub-Saharan Africa practiced animism Worship in animals and environmental features Gain Gold Lots of resources available, not just gold Get Glory Surge of nationalism- nations wanted to prove they were the best!

Rise of the Slave Trade With Age of Exploration (1400-1600), Europeans started looking for laborers to take to ‘New World’ with them Different tribes would sell members of other tribes to the Europeans for very small prices Introduction of guns

Age of Imperialism European nations started fighting to gain as much territory as possible. 1700-early 1900s Reasons for Colonizing Economy- resources Military- bases for navy Humanitarian- help under-developed culture; spread religion Racial superiority to the indigenous people of Africa

Imperial Africa

Age of Imperialism European nations had a desire to not only colonize Africa, but also make it part of their global empires. This means: Replacing local government with their own Controlling all land and trade Substituting their culture in place of local culture

Age of Imperialism European Countries and their World Possessions 1800 55% 1878 67% 1914 84%

Pre-Imperial (1870) Africa Looked Like This

The Berlin Conference 1884-85 15 European nations met to ‘partition Africa’ or divide Africa No indigenous people were present US there as an organizer/peacekeeper Rights & traditions of African kingdoms & peoples were ignored An effort to prevent fights between Europe

Berlin Conference Activity Portugal Great Britain France Germany Spain Italy Holland Belgium

Berlin Conference Activity Get with your country group. Use the atlas to figure out what parts of Africa your country is interested in, based off the information card. Then based on the letter you got, organize with the other countries represented at the Berlin Conference. On the map provided, color your section of Africa, the entire continent must be covered. Create a key telling which country is which color! You may not share an area with another country- your pride for your nation won’t allow that!

1914 Africa Looked Like This

Life in Imperial Africa

Age of Imperialism European nations took complete control over nations in Sub-Saharan Africa Change occurred in all facets of life Government Religion Economy Technology Some changes were positive, some not

Life in Africa under Imperial Control Ethnic tension Between Europeans and indigenous tribes Between tribes grouped together by borders

Life in Africa under Imperial Control New Technology Modes of transportation Industries Stronger cloth Mines Weapons

Life in Africa under Imperial Control Exploitation of Indigenous People ‘Cheap labor’ Illegal sales of goods/people

Life in Africa under Imperial Control New Institutions Access to Westernized schools Hospitals with vaccines and new medical procedures Courts to determine laws/crimes

Life in Africa under Imperial Control Removal of Resources Land drained of natural resources Gold Diamonds Minerals Lumber Massive exports

Life in Africa under Imperial Control Access to New Religious Beliefs Spread of Islam in the North Spread of Christianity in Sub-Saharan

Where in the World Wednesday? Big Hole Diamond Mine Kimberley, South Africa Dutch 1800s To mine for diamonds

Learning Task Use the DBQ documents to answer the provided questions. Start thinking about whether the documents support imperialism being negative or positive. Consider making notes next to your document analysis as to whether they are more +/-

Document 1 “When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said ‘Let us pray.’ We closed our eyes. When we opened them, we had the Bible and they had the land.” -Bishop Desmond Tutu, 1984 Document 2

Document 3 Document 4

Document 5 Document 6

Document 7 The White Man’s Burden By Rudyard Kipling Written in 1899 Take up the White Man's burden-- The silent, sullen peoples Send forth the best ye breed-- Shall weigh your gods and you. Go bind your sons to exile No tawdry rule of kings, To serve your captives' need; But toil of serf and sweeper-- To wait in heavy harness, The tale of common things. Have done with childish days-- On fluttered folk and wild-- The ports ye shall not enter, The lightly proferred laurel, Your new-caught, sullen peoples, The roads ye shall not tread, The easy, ungrudged praise. Half-devil and half-child. Go mark them with your living, Comes now, to search your manhood   And mark them with your dead. Through all the thankless years In patience to abide, Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom, To veil the threat of terror And reap his old reward: And check the show of pride; The blame of those ye better, The judgment of your peers! By open speech and simple, The hate of those ye guard-- An hundred times made plain The cry of hosts ye humour To seek another's profit, (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:-- And work another's gain. "Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?” The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; Ye dare not stoop to less-- And when your goal is nearest Nor call too loud on Freedom The end for others sought, To cloke your weariness; Watch sloth and heathen Folly By all ye cry or whisper, Bring all your hopes to nought. By all ye leave or do,

Document 8 The White Man killed my father, My father was proud. The White Man seduced my mother, My mother was beautiful. The White Man burnt my brother beneath the noonday sun, My brother was strong. His hands red with black blood The White Man turned to me; And in the Conqueror’s voice said, "Boy! a chair, a napkin, a drink. An Anthology of West African Verse, David Diop, 1957 This German cartoon, published in the early 20th century, is entitled "Thus colonize the English." Document 9

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy. Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . .” Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962 Document 10

Decolonization When WWI and WWII started the Europeans had to focus more on their own nations, and less on their colonies. Decolonization of Africa occurred during the mid- to late- 1900s.

Fun Friday Listen to ‘War’ by Bob Marley (with headphones). Answer these questions on your bell-ringer paper. Write a line from the song that shows ideas of imperialism What is the general message of this song? Then, use the computers to finish the Web-quest you were assigned yesterday. Turn it in to the silver bin when done. Any spare time? Work on unit questions.

Wrap Up Positive or Negative? Long Term Effects: Many indigenous tribes ‘walked the walk’ without fully buying in By mid 20th Century Europeans became so focused on themselves that they ignored Africa Independence Movements began in 1940s-1980s to separate from the ‘White Man’