Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Ginger

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCTION ANDHRA PRADESH Name : M.Vasu Babu Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy Branch : Pharmacy Institute : GPW ,Guntur Year : I D.Pharm. Subject : Pharmacognosy Subject Code : Ph -103 Topic : Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Duration : 50 minutes Sub topic : Ginger (7/8) Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs 2

Gross anatomical study of Crude Drugs Ginger 3

On completion of this period you would be able to understand : Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to understand : Biological source Microscopical characters. Chemical Constituents & Uses of Ginger 4

Identify this photograph Known to unknown Identify this photograph A : Ginger / allamu How did you identify ? A: We are familiar with / we saw this earlier/We use this in our house. FIG 89. 1 5

Q. Are you sure that this is genuine Ginger ? Ans: Yes Q. How do you confirm ? Ans: As they appear in that form. Q. Is there any method of identity for genuinity of crude drugs ? Ans: Morphological features / Histological features

Biological source FIG 89. 2 Consists of dried/fresh rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Family : Zingiberaceae 7

Fig 89.3 T.S of Ginger rhizome 8

Microscopy T.S of Ginger shows Cork 1) Outer cork 2) Inner cork Cortex Fig 89. 4 T.S of Ginger shows Cork 1) Outer cork 2) Inner cork Cortex 3) Oleo-resin cells 4) Starch grains of cortex 5) Fibro vascular bundles 6) Xylem vessels 7) Fibres 9

T.S of Ginger Endodermis Ground tissue 8. Vascular bundles Fig 89. 5 Endodermis Ground tissue 8. Vascular bundles 9. Starch of ground tissue 10

Cork 1) Outer cork : Few layers Dark brown Irregularly arranged parenchymatous cells Fig 89.6 11

1.Cork (contd) 2) Inner cork: Few layers Colourless parenchymatous cells Radially arranged in regular rows Fig 89. 7 12

Cortex Isodiametric Thin walled parenchymatous cells Scattered vascular strands present Numerous idioblasts – 40 to 80 µ in diameter Fig 89. 8 13

Cortex (contd) 3)Oleoresin cells: Yellowish to reddish brown oleoresin . Fig 89.9 14

4) Starch grains of cortex: Cortex (contd) 4) Starch grains of cortex: Sac shaped with terminal beak like projection Ecocentric hilum present. Fig 89.10 15

5) Fibro vascular bundles: Cortex (contd) 5) Fibro vascular bundles: Collateral Conjoint & closed A group of Sclerenchymatous fibres partially covers Vascular bundles of Cortex & Ground tissue region Fig 89. 11 16

Tracheids with annular, spiral or reticulate thickening Cortex (contd) 6) Xylem vessels: Tracheids with annular, spiral or reticulate thickening No reaction for lignin Fig 89.12 17

Cortex (contd) 7) Fibres: Unlignified Pitted Septate. Fig 89.13 18

Large parenchymatous cells Ground tissue Large parenchymatous cells Abundant starch Oleo-resin cells Vascular bundles Fig 89.14 19

Ring of vascular bundles below endodermis Narrow zone Ground tissue (contd) 8) Vascular bundles Ring of vascular bundles below endodermis Narrow zone Not covered with sclerenchymatous fibres Fig 89.15 20

9) Starch grains of ground tissue Ground tissue (contd) 9) Starch grains of ground tissue Flattened Rectangular ovate grains with Hilum 5 to 15 to 3o µ long 25 µ wide 7 µ thick Marked by transverse striations Fig89.16 21

Chemical constituents Volatile oil (0.6 to 3%) 1.Terpenes 2. Cineole 3. Citral 4. Borneol Pungent principles: Gingerol, Shogaol, Zingerone Resinous matter (5 to 8 %) Starch & Mucilage 22

Uses Carminative Stimulant Flavoring agent 23

Summary Anatomical study of ginger Chemical constituents Uses

QUIZ Q1. Ginger is volatile oil containing rhizome crude drug. Ans: Yes (or) No Q2. Where will be fibrovascular bundles are present in ginger. a) In cork b) In cortex c) In ground tissue d) None of the above Q3. Where will be the oleo resin cells present in ginger. a) In cortex b) In ground tissue c) Both d) None

Frequently asked questions 1.Write the monograph of Ginger 2.Explain the histological study of Ginger. 3.Write the anatomical characters of Ginger. 4.Write the Biological Source, Family, Morphology of Ginger. 26