“Paleoherbs” Magnoliids Eudicot Clade 2) Magnoliaceae Monocot Clade 1) Nymphaeaceae Flowering Plant Ancestor
Nymphaeaceae Water Lily Family Aquatic plants with rhizome in soil Leaves floating, reniform to peltate Vascular bundles usually scattered in the stem Long petioles (leaf) and peduncles (flower) Usually many tepals (sepals and petals not distinct) Many stamens, outer often petaloid and sterile Carpels 5- to many, separate pistils or fused (connate) into one pistil
Examples Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea (water lily) Nymphaea odorata Nuphar (Yellow water lily) Nuphar microphylla Victoria amazonicon Examples Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeae odorata
Nymphaea odorata
Nymphaea spp.
Nuphar lutea
Victoria amazonicon
2) Magnoliaceae Magnolia Family Trees and shrubs Tepals 6 to numerous (outer 3 often sepal-like) Many spirally arranged stamens with long anther, short filament Many pistils (separate carpels) spirally arranged on receptacle
Examples Magnoliaceae Magnolia stellata Magnolia grandiflora Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip tree)
Magnolia stellata
Magnolia grandiflora
Liriodendron tulipifera
Liriodendron tulipifera
“Paleoherbs” Magnoliids Eudicot Clade 2) Magnoliaceae Monocot Clade 1) Nymphaeaceae Flowering Plant Ancestor
17) Ranunculaceae Caryophyllid Clade 24) Viscaceae Rosid Clade Asterid Clade 18) Papaveraceae Eudicots (Tricolpates)
17) Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family Herbs, shrubs or woody vines Leaves usually alternate, often compound or lobed; lacking stipules Tepals 4-numerous; or perianth of 5 sepals and 5 petals, and one or more petal often with nectar spur; petals sometimes absent Stamens many, centripetal (maturing from outside toward center) Carpels 3-many, separate, ovaries superior A very diverse family
Examples Ranunculaceae Anemone Clematis (virgin’s bower) Delphinium (larkspur) Ranunculus (buttercups) Nigella (love in a mist) Aquilegia (columbine) Aquilegia canadensis Aquilegia vulgaris Thalictrum (meadow rue) Aconitum (monkshood)
Ranunculus spp.
Ranunculus sardous
Anemone spp.
Anemone spp.
Anemone spp.
Hepatica acutiloba
Thalictrum revolutum
Clematis spp.
Clematis spp.
Nigella sativa.
Delphinium – one petal has a spur
Aconitum – one petal forms a hood
Aquilegia canadensis – columbine Each of the five petals has a spur
Spur Aquilegia canadensis Sepal Petal
18) Papaveraceae Poppy Family Herbs, rarely shrubs Leaves often compound or lobed Milky or colored sap Sepals usually 2, sometimes 3; quickly deciduous; petals usually 4, sometimes 6; crumpled in the bud Stamens many, 10+, centripetal Carpels many, connate (fused) ovary superior
Examples Papaveraceae Papaver (poppy) Papaver somniferum Papaver orientalis Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) Hepatica acutiloba (liverwort) Eschscholzia californica (california poppy) Chelidonium majus (chelone) Argemone spp.
Argemone spp.
Chelidonium spp.
Chelidonium spp.
Eschscholzia californica
Eschscholzia californica
Sanguinaria canadensis
Sanguinaria canadensis
Papaver rhoeas
Papaver orientalis
Papaver orientalis
Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum