Conditioning = Learning What is learning? A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience and practice
Why? Does your dog drool when you open the can of food before the food is given to him/her? Does your friend flinch when you tickle him/her? Does your little sister tremble at the sound of the dentist drill? Does a student blush before he/she is called on to give a speech?
What is classical conditioning? Learning that happens when 2 unrelated stimuli are paired together Example: the word “can” and a spray of water
Ivan Pavlov Introduced “Behaviorism” through famous dog experiment. Nobel prize winner
Unconditioned = Natural Conditioned = Learned Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)= stimulus that triggers a response naturally (meat) Unconditioned Response (UCR)= automatic response to unconditioned stimulus (drool) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)=previously neutral stimulus, through learning, is able to cause a conditioned response. (tone) Conditioned Response (CR) This is the response to the conditioned stimulus (drool)
The Process…. Acquisition Generalization Discrimination Extinction
What is behaviorism, and how did Watson use the principles of classical conditioning to create learned fear in Little Albert? Unconditioned Stimulus= Unconditioned Response= Conditional stimulus= Conditioned response=
What happened to “Little Albert”? Born to Arvilla Merritte (age 22) He lived at the Harriet Lane Home (Pediatric facility on Johns Hopkins campus) Mother was a “wet nurse” Died at age 6 of hydrocephalus His real name was Douglas Merritte Was he psychologically “harmed” by this experiment?
Is it possible to reverse Watson’s techniques and eliminate a phobia (irrational fear) Mary Cover Jones Student of Watson’s Developed techniques of counter-conditioning or desensitization
There is a flaw in the principles of classical conditioning…. Hold everything… There is a flaw in the principles of classical conditioning….
Taste Aversion-John Garcia We are biologically predisposed to develop an aversion to the taste of food we ate before we became sick..
Can we “learn” to be helpless? Martin Seligman