Lesson 1 mercenary a soldier who fights primarily for pay burgher republic a form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote   Academic Vocabulary dominate to influence or control decline a change to a lower state or level

Lesson 2 humanism an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history vernacular the language of everyday speech in a particular region fresco painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints perspective artistic techniques used to give the effect of three-dimensional depth to two-dimensional surfaces   Academic Vocabulary attain to gain or achieve core basic or essential part style having a distinctive quality or form circumstance a determining condition

Lesson 1 Christian humanism Christian humanism a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church salvation the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works indulgence a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death Lutheranism the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith   Academic Vocabulary fundamental basic or essential external relating to dealings or relationships with foreign countries valid well-grounded or justifiable

Lesson 2 justification process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God predestination belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate) annul declare invalid ghetto formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live   Academic Vocabulary publish to print for distribution community a group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society