Hitler’s Assault on the Soviet Union June 22, 1941 - Operation Barbarossa

Other Russian Tactics include: The Russian counterattack of December used troops trained and equipped to operate in the sub-zero conditions. German commanders were badly shaken, and Hitler assumed personal command of the army, ordering his men to hold on regardless of cost. Other Russian Tactics include: Destroying all resources (burning crops, etc) while retreating Dismantling and transporting factories East as retreated Trained Partisan groups prepared to enter fighting

Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill meet Stalin not invited Outline goals for postwar world No territorial changes New League of Nations

US Destroyers and Hitler’s U-Boat Clash July 1941, FDR decides US ships will escort Lend-Lease supplies to Iceland Roosevelt orders a “shoot on sight” policy November 1941 Merchant ships can be legally armed

Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor Late 1940-1941 US enacts embargoes on Japan and seizes assets in the US December 7, 1941 “A day that will live in infamy” 3,000 casualties

The Home Front Selective Service Act War Productions Board Men ages 18-65 have to register after PH War Productions Board ½ production goes to the war effort Funding the War Increased taxes War bonds Video: Propaganda income taxes

Women during the War Women in the military Female Mobility WACs (Women’s Army Corps) WAVES (Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service) Female Mobility Some women moved to new communities to work in aircraft, munitions, automobile industries

Video: Rosie the Riveter on the assembly line Of all the images of working women during World War II, the image of women in factories predominates. Rosie the Riveter--the strong, competent woman dressed in overalls and bandanna--was introduced as a symbol of patriotic womanhood. The accoutrements of war work--uniforms, tools, and lunch pails--were incorporated into the revised image of the feminine ideal Video: Rosie the Riveter on the assembly line

WWII and African Americans Nearly 1 million African Americans served in segregated units Tuskegee airmen – First African American aviators in the U.S. Army Double V Campaign Victory at home and Victory abroad

WWII and Native Americans Navajo volunteers used as “code talkers” Japan unable to crack their code used for military communication

WWII and Mexican Americans Bracero Program 1942 need for farm labor leads US govt to issue short-term work permits to Mexican workers About 150,000 Braceros worked in agriculture and the railroads Zoot Suit Riots, 1943 (L.A.) Young Mexican Americans become object of frequent violent attacks by white sailors and marines In June, riots break out in East L.A. 150 were injured, 500 Mexican Americans arrested

The Home Front and Japanese Americans Executive Order 9006 Passed by FDR, required relocation of Japanese Americans living on West Coast to internment camps Korematsu vs. US (1944) Japanese American sued the US govt for EO 9006 Went to the Supreme Court which upheld the internment camps Significance? Civil liberties decrease during war-time Video: Superman 1:25 – 2:10 Video: Relocation Camps 9’25

The Jewish Genocide Onset of the war accelerates the process of elimination Deportation of “undesirables” into concentration camps Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah Witnesses, the handicapped, etc. In Eastern Europe (esp. Poland) , forced relocation of Jews into Ghettoes Mandatory wearing of clothing to identify them as Jews Forced labor Not allowed to leave Hunger, fatigue, disease kill thousands of Jews by month Video: The Path to Nazi Genocide

Radicalization after USSR invasion German movement East places much larger Jewish population under Nazi control Einsatzgruppen follow troops and exterminate all racial and political enemies 1 million people gunned down 1941-1943 Method eventually considered too inefficient and wearing on assassins

First Extermination Camps Fall 1941 Built in East (e.g. Belzec, Poland) December 1st gassings occur in Chelmno, Poland in trucks Turning Point of conscious policy of total extermination

Mass Extermination The Final Solution Genocide on European scale as of 1941 Made official at Wannsee Conference Jan 20, 1942 SS Reinhard Heydrich defines administrative and practical methods to exterminate all Jews in Europe Physically capable Jews used in the German war effort, all others eliminated Gypsies sent to death camps from 1943

Planned and methodical organization 2 sorts of camps, overseen by the SS Concentration Camps Work camps created after 1933, e.g. Dachau, stone quarry: Mauthausen (Austria), chemical plant: Auschwitz Conditions variable: death more or less frequent from overwork, abuse, starvation Detainees diverse, resistance members progressively sent, some camps only female Systematic treatment of humiliation to make prisoners feel a loss of humanity

Survivors of the Concentration Camp of Dachau celebrate their release

HOMEWORK Reading Material Videos Mastering Modern World History Part I. War and International Relations Chapter 6 The Second World War, 1939-1945 (pp. 89-120) The Unfinished Nation Chapter 28 America in a World War (pp. 720-749) CHAPTER SCANNED ON BLOG Videos People’s Century Total War + Questions The Century America’s Time Civilians at War (5 parts) Over the Edge (3 parts)