-or- How Animals Get Along Animal Party? -or- How Animals Get Along

Symbiosis The close association between two or more organisms of different species Three relationships: mutualism commensalism parasitism

Mutualism A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which each member benefits

Examples of Mutualism Tickbirds perched on a black rhinoceros get food (pests on rhinos) and help the rhino get rid of pests http://i.l.cnn.net/cnn/2007/US/09/25/onion.rhino/art.rhino.onion.jpg

More Examples of Mutualism One kind of flagellate lives in the guts of termites and digests the cellulose in the wood that the termites eat. Without the protozoa, the termites could not completely digest the cellulose. http:// biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/Protists/giardia-trph.jpg http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v7/n9/images/7400785-i7.jpg

More Examples of Mutualism Some types of fungi grow on the roots of plants and release an acid that changes minerals in the soil into forms that plants can use.

More Examples of Mutualism You and a species of bacteria that lives in your intestines benefit each other! The bacteria get a plentiful food supply from you and in return you get vitamins that the bacteria produce. https://www.storesonlinepro.com/files/1840124/uploaded/DIGESTIVE%20SYSTEM%20JPEG.jpg

More Mutualism Examples The living corals near the surface of the water provide a home for the algae. The algae produce food through photosynthesis that is used by the corals.

What does mutualism mean?

Give three different examples of mutualism. 1. 2. 3.

Commensalism A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits without harming the other organism

Examples of Commensalism Barnacles attached to a gray whale gain a home and transportation to areas with food while leaving the whale unaffected. www.bigsurcalifornia.org/ images2/graywhl.jpg

Examples of Commensalism Remoras hitch a ride and feed on scraps of food left by sharks. The remoras benefit from this relationship while sharks are unaffected.

Examples of Commensalism The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) is often found in pastures following horses and cattle. As the livestock graze, insects are stirred up by their movement and this provides food for the egrets. http://search.msn.com/images/results.aspx?q=Cattle+Egret&form=QBIR#

More Examples of Commensalism The Great Burdock (Arctium lappa) has spines on its seeds that curve upward which allow the seeds to attach themselves on the fur of passing animals. The plant benefits by having its seeds disperse in a large area and the animals are not affected. http://www.greenpapaya.org/downloads/2008/03/burdock.png

More Examples of Commensalism Orchids receive more sunlight for photosynthesis if they grow high on tree branches. The orchid plants are helped by the tree. The tree gets nothing in return from the orchids. tree-species.blogspot.com

What is commensalism?

Give three different examples of commensalism. 1. 2. 3.

Parasitism A symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed. The organism that benefits is called the parasite. The organism that is harmed is called the host.

Parasitism (cont.) The parasite gets nourishment from its host, which is weakened in the process. Sometimes a host organism becomes so weak that it dies. Some parasites, such as ticks, live outside the host’s body. Other parasites, such as tapeworms, live inside the host’s body.

Examples of Parasitism The flagellate parasite, Giardia Lamblia, lives in the digestive tracts of humans and other vertebrates causing diarrhea and severe stomach cramps. Giardia live in water and sometimes hikers drink infected water. http://liberty.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/images/stream.gif http://liberty.state.nj.us/dep/dwq/images/stream.gif

More Examples of Parasitism A louse on a human scalp receives nourishment from drinking the human’s blood and also causes a rash or irritation. www.sciencemusings.com

More Examples of Parasitism A female wasp lays eggs in a caterpillar. When the eggs hatch, the wasps eat the caterpillar alive!

More Examples of Parasitism A flea uses the blood of the rabbit for nourishment. www.arun.gov.uk

More Examples of Parasitism Lampreys attach to fish causing sores. dnr.wi.gov www.sprol.com www.cfb.ie

What is parasitism?

Give three different examples of parasitism. 1. 2. 3.

PBS Ecological Relationships Video Clips http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/symbiotic-strategies/video-segments/1496/

Resources & Cites The American Heritage Student Science Dictionary published by Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. AGS General Science published by American Guidance Service, Inc., 2001. Biology, An Everyday Experience published by Glenco McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2003. Life Science published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2005. Photos downloaded from various sites using the search engine, www.Google.com