Update on the Performance of two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Grafted onto Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry) Rootstocks Bruno Casamali MS Student.

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Presentation transcript:

Update on the Performance of two Southern Highbush Blueberry Cultivars Grafted onto Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry) Rootstocks Bruno Casamali MS Student Rebecca Darnell and Jeff Williamson Horticultural Sciences Department IFAS, University of Florida

Vaccinium arboreum (Sparkleberry) Native to the southeastern U.S. Shrub or small tree – Single trunk Deep root system – drought tolerant Tolerates soil pH up to 6.5 Sand or sand-clay soils Low organic matter Low Fe and NH4 cas.vanderbilt.edu

Objective Evaluate plant growth, yield, average berry weight, and berry quality of grafted and own-rooted blueberry plants in amended and non-amended soil.

Straughn Farms, Archer UF PSREU, Citra Experimental sites

Material and Methods Own-rooted ‘Farthing’ ‘Farthing’ grafted onto V. arboreum Own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ ‘Meadowlark’ grafted onto V. arboreum

Soil treatments Arredondo sand soil, with low organic matter, pH ~ 6.0 Pine bark amended soil Non-amended soil Soil pH kept between 5.0 – 6.3

Graft union

Grafted ‘Meadowlark’, 2013 – Citra, FL

‘Farthing’ canopy volume - Citra Canopy volume (m3) Treatment 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 0.06 a 0.8 0.9 1.14 1.29a Own-rooted / non-amended 0.03 b 0.5 0.6 0.86 0.88b Grafted / amended 0.3 1.02 ab 1.09ab Grafted / non-amended 0.4 0.93 0.97ab

‘Meadowlark’ canopy volume - Citra Canopy volume (m3) Treatment 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 0.09 a 0.7 1.0 1.45 b 2.19a Own-rooted / non-amended 0.04 0.4 0.6 0.99 c 1.33b Grafted / amended 0.02 0.5 1.1 1.95 2.41a Grafted / non-amended 1.62 ab 2.25a

‘Farthing’ canopy volume - Archer Canopy volume (m3) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 0.8 a 1.0 1.3a Own-rooted / non-amended 0.4 b 0.5 c 0.6 0.7b Grafted / amended Grafted / non-amended 1.0ab

‘Meadowlark’ canopy volume - Archer Canopy volume (m3) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 0.9 a 1.2 1.1 1.4a Own-rooted / non-amended 0.4 b 0.5 c 0.6b Grafted / amended 1.5a Grafted / non-amended 0.8

Own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’ Non-amended soil, Archer, pH 5.97 (Nov. 8, 2013) Grafted ‘Meadowlark’ Own-rooted ‘Meadowlark’

Meadowlark own-rooted (front) and grafted (back) on non-amended soil without acid injection, Archer.

Meadowlark – own-rooted, non-amend., Citra Nov. 23, 2016.

Meadowlark – grafted, non-amend., Citra, Nov. 23, 2016

Meadowlark – grafted, amended, Citra, Nov. 23, 2016.

Total yield - Citra Total yield (g/plant) Treatment Farthing Meadowlark 2013 Own-rooted/amended 4731 a 2789 Own-rooted/non-amended 2222 b 1451 Grafted/amended 1954 1955 Grafted/non-amended 1933 1759 2014 4837 4052 ab 4008 2710 4114 4468 3484 3722

Total yield - Citra Total yield (g/plant) Treatment Farthing Meadowlark 2015 Own-rooted/amended 4092 a 5801 Own-rooted/non-amended 3356 3073 b Grafted/amended 3541 7016 Grafted/non-amended 2928 5947 2016 3850 2671 671 c 1603 6788 6936 4758 4919

Total yield – Archer Total yield (g/plant) Treatment Farthing Meadowlark 2013 Own-rooted/amended 5192 a 3323 Own-rooted/non-amended 1980 b 1418 Grafted/amended 2568 1281 Grafted/non-amended 2009 1679 2014 4943 5036 1927 c 1715 4298 ab 2792 bc 3263 - In Archer, irrigation water has high levels of Ca and HCO3- - High soil pH between Feb to Jul 2013 Canopy volume and yield are highly correlated R2=0.69 in 2013 and R2=0.51 in 2014 Plant architecture in ‘Farthing’ and greater fruit set in ‘Meadowlark’

Total yield – Archer Total yield (g/plant) Treatment Farthing Meadowlark 2015 Own-rooted/amended 5090 a 5369 Own-rooted/non-amended 2433 b 1757 c Grafted/amended 4842 4226 ab Grafted/non-amended 3996 3771 2016 6101 6976 3903 4570 7347 7567 5937 6843 - In Archer, irrigation water has high levels of Ca and HCO3- - High soil pH between Feb to Jul 2013 Canopy volume and yield are highly correlated R2=0.69 in 2013 and R2=0.51 in 2014 Plant architecture in ‘Farthing’ and greater fruit set in ‘Meadowlark’

‘Meadowlark’ seasonal berry weight- Citra Berry weight (g) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 2.34 ab 1.79 b 2.03 1.75b Own-rooted / non-amended 2.40 2.12 a 1.64b Grafted / amended 2.60 2.25 2.37 2.18a Grafted / non-amended 2.51 2.21 2.33 2.29a

‘Meadowlark’ seasonal berry weight- Archer Berry weight (g) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 2.22 b 1.77 c 2.12 a 1.72b Own-rooted / non-amended 1.66 1.52 d 1.94 1.76b Grafted / amended 2.53 2.35 2.14a Grafted / non-amended 2.36 ab 2.06 2.17 2.18a

‘Farthing’ seasonal berry weight- Citra Berry weight (g) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 2.33 a 1.95 1.91 2.08ab Own-rooted / non-amended 2.28 1.84 2.18 1.87b Grafted / amended 2.27 2.05 2.00 2.18a Grafted / non-amended 2.02 2.16 2.27a

‘Farthing’ seasonal berry weight- Archer Berry weight (g) Treatment 2013 2014 2015 2016 Own-rooted / amended 1.73 a 2.00 b 2.11 2.26a Own-rooted / non-amended 1.46 1.76 c 2.20 2.00a Grafted / amended 1.74 2.22 2.08 2.37a Grafted / non-amended 1.79 2.24 2.16 2.22a

Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella) symptoms on own-rooted Meadowlark, Citra, Nov. 23, 2016

Bacterial leaf scorch (Xylella) symptoms on grafted Meadowlark, Citra, Nov. 23, 2016

Conclusions Grafting SHB on V. arboreum rootstocks delay plant growth and yield. After the lag phase, grafted plants were larger than own- rooted plants on non-amended soil, and similar or larger than own-rooted plants on amended soil Initially, yields were reduced by grafting. However, grafted plants had comparable or higher yields than own-rooted plants in years 4 and 5. Mean berry weight of grafted plants was generally greater than own-rooted plants. Grafted Meadowlark plants were less affected by blueberry leaf scorch (Xylella) than own-rooted plants during the first 5 years after planting.

Acknowledgments Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services National Institute of Food and Agriculture USDA, SCRI 2009-51181-06021

Thank you! Questions?