Water reserves, water pollution, Causes and solutions Water-Blue gold Water reserves, water pollution, Causes and solutions

Water Reserves 75% of our planet is covered by water – in liquid, gaseous or frozen form.  Around 97 % of the Earth’s water resources are salt water. A significant proportion of fresh water reserves is trapped in the polar ice caps and glaciers and only 0.649% of all water resources can be used for drinking

Continued.. According to UNO estimates, the world’s population is set to increase from approximately 7.2 billion today to 9.6 billion by 2050. Globally, more than one billion people have no access to clean drinking water. In 25 years up to 6 billion people will be experiencing water shortages because of poor hygiene. Even Europe’s natural water resources are being put under ever-increasing stress.

Sources of Water in Pakistan Indus basin river Makran coastal basin Ground water Tarbela dam Mangla dam Chashma barrage

Water Crisis Natural reasons Mismanagement Impacts on economy

Solutions Following dams should be constructed on immediate basis: Chasha dam Kalabagh dam Raised Mangla dam Mirani dam Gomalozam dam

Water Pollution Water pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the water in large quantities which cause damage to people, wildlife, or habitat or indirectly into water bodies without proper treatment to remove harmful compounds.

than 14,00Water pollu TYPES OF SURFACE WATER POLLUTION Found on the exterior of the Earth’s crust oceans, rivers and lakes Groundwater pollution. Found in soil or under rock structure. on is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwid0 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrhea sickness every day. Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,00an children die of diarrhea sickness every day. Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe drinking w

Causes of Water Pollution Nuclear waste Oil pollution Underground storage leaks Industrial pollution Thermal pollution

Where do pollutants came from Point sources: A single definable source of the Pollution, e.g. a factory, a sewage plant, etc. point-source pollution is usually monitored and regulated. Non-point sources: Not a single source, but a wide range of sources, e.g. runoff from urban areas, or farmland. Non-point sources are much more difficult to monitor or regulate

EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS Toxic water Thermal heating Our sources of water Diseases caused by: Drinking contaminated water Swimming in polluted water Contact with chemically polluted water

WATER ENERGY Power derived from the energy of falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes.

WHAT IS WATERGY? Term coined to define the nexus between water and energy. The goal is to provide cost effective water services while reducing energy consumption and protecting the environment.

CHALLENGES: Lack of awareness and technical skills to address inefficiencies in utility operations. Lack of financial resources to implement efficiency interventions Difficult to prioritize efficiency needs over service delivery extension.

Continued.. Decision making processes in local governments are often time consuming and difficult to navigate. Most water infrastructure is located underground and leaks can do undetected Management of Non Revenue Water (wasted water) and the implementation of a program to reduce water losses demands a long term approach which often conflicts with municipal budgeting timelines