Urine Potassium Excretion, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in CKD

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Urine Potassium Excretion, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in CKD Amanda K. Leonberg-Yoo, MD, Hocine Tighiouart, MS, Andrew S. Levey, MD, Gerald J. Beck, PhD, Mark J. Sarnak, MD, MS American Journal of Kidney Diseases Volume 69, Issue 3, Pages 341-349 (March 2017) DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.431 Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Adjusted restricted cubic splines for baseline 24-hour urine potassium excretion and (A) kidney failure and (B) all-cause mortality. Splines were plotted using 4 default knots. P value for nonlinearity of urine potassium excretion is reported as analysis of variance (ANOVA) linearity in each graph. Dashed lines indicate 95% confidence intervals. Splines were adjusted for age, sex, race, cause of kidney disease, measured glomerular filtration rate, log urine protein, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, transferrin level, MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study A or B, randomization to blood pressure and dietary protein target, diuretic use, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, urine urea nitrogen excretion, daily caloric intake, and urine sodium excretion. Reference point where hazard ratio = 1 is at baseline urine potassium excretion (2.39g/d). American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2017 69, 341-349DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.431) Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Forest plot of baseline 24-hour urine potassium excretion and kidney failure and all-cause mortality in the entire cohort and predefined subgroups. Hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were per 1–standard deviation (0.89g/d) higher urine potassium excretion. HRs were on log scale. HRs were adjusted for age, sex, race, cause of kidney disease, measured glomerular filtration rate, log urine protein, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, transferrin level, MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study A or B, randomization to blood pressure and dietary protein target, diuretic use, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, urine urea nitrogen excretion, daily caloric intake, and urine sodium excretion. Abbreviation: P-int, P for interaction. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2017 69, 341-349DOI: (10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.03.431) Copyright © 2016 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Terms and Conditions