Bosnia I Herzegovina Mr. Smajlovic

Make This Chart! CAUSE Bosnian Genocide EFFECT

Student Goals! The student understands the historical development of significant legal and political concepts related to the rights and responsibilities of citizenship. The student is expected to identify examples of genocide in the Balkans Students will also learn about key figures and vocabulary such as Milosevic, Mladic, Radovan Karadzic and the term Ethnic Cleansing. Students will be able to identify the causes and effects of Genocide http://www.icty.org/

Quick Background! I was born in Travnik, Bosnia I came to the U.S. in 1997 All male members of my family served in ABIH Two of my uncles were wounded while in battle. My family and I spent most of our time in a makeshift bunker to avoid mortar attacks as well as gun fire

Travnik, Bosnia

Note: The Ottoman Empire (1299 – 1923) at its most vast.

Austro-Hungarian Empire 1913

World War I & The Rise of Tito Sarajevo was the spot where the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated In the aftermath of the Second World War, the Balkan states of Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia and Macedonia became part of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia From 1945 to 1953 Tito acted as prime minister and minister of defense in the government. Between 1945 and 1948 Tito led his country preaching brotherhood and unity as opposed to nationalism. In January 1953, he was named first president of Yugoslavia and president of the Federal Executive Council. In 1963 he was named president for life

The Fall of Yugoslavia After the death of longtime Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito in 1980, growing nationalism among the different Yugoslav republics threatened to split their union apart. 1986 Slobodan Milosevic was elected leader of the Serbian Branch, with the goal of bringing back “Greater Serbia” through the “Truth Movement”. Will later be tried on 66 counts of Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity and Crimes Against the Costumes of War On March 3, 1992, after a referendum vote President Izetbegovic proclaimed Bosnia’s independence with 99% of the votes for independence. In early May 1992, two days after the United States and the European Community recognized Bosnia’s independence, Bosnian Serb forces with the backing of Milosevic and the Serb-dominated Yugoslav army launched their offensive with a bombardment of Bosnia’s capital, Sarajevo.

Early Stages of War The Bosnian-Serb forces took control of 70% of the land right away. They were able to achieve this because they controlled most of army supplies. Bosnians and Croats fought together, but tensions got high resulting in a war within a war. (100,000 ABIH vs. 50,000 HVO) April 1993 - Bosnia peace efforts fail, war breaks out between Muslims and Croats, previously allied against Serbs March 1994 - U.S.-brokered agreement ends Muslim-Croat war and creates a Muslim-Croat federation. From then on the war would be ABIH & HVO vs VRS

Siege* of Sarajevo Siege: a military blockade of a city or fortified place to compel it to surrender though the use of a persistent or serious attack Sarajevo was inexplicable: a medieval-like siege in late 20th- century Europe, its citizens locked in as Serbs fired cannons at schools, libraries and hospitals, while snipers took aim at people gathering water or attending funerals. Over 44 months, more than 11,000 people were killed and 50,000 wounded. Attacks were led by Bosnian-Serb military leader Ratko Mladic

Siege of Sarajevo

Srebrenica Before 1992, there was a metal factory in the town, and lead, zinc, and gold mines nearby. The town's name (Srebrenica) means "silver mine" Srebrenica was declared a Safe Zone in 1993, and 600 UN Peacekeeping troops (Dutchbat) were providing safety for the people of Srebrenica. “All parties and others concerned treat Srebrenica and its surroundings as a safe area which should be free from any armed attack or any other hostile act"

Srebrenica Massacre More than three years before the 1995 Srebrenica genocide, Bosnian Serb nationalists - with the logistical, moral and financial support of Serbia and the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) - destroyed 296 predominantly Bosnian villages in the region around Srebrenica, forcibly uprooting some 70,000 Bosniaks from their homes and systematically massacring at least 3,166 Bosniaks (documented deaths) including many women, children and the elderly. The attacks took place on the 11th July 1995 through the 13th July 1995 Men from the ages of 12-77 years old were taken for “interrogation” Over 8,000 men were killed with 23,000 men, women and children deported. “Ethnic Cleansing” Ethnic cleansing differs from genocide in that its primary goal is the expulsion of a group of people from a geographical area and not the actual physical destruction of that group, even though the same methods–including murder, torture and forcible displacement–may be used.

Dayton Agreement 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia agree to fully respect the sovereign equality of one another and to settle disputes by peaceful means. The FRY and Bosnia and Herzegovina recognize each other, and agree to discuss further aspects of their mutual recognition. The parties agree to fully respect and promote fulfillment of the commitments made in the various Annexes, and they obligate themselves to respect human rights and the rights of refugees and displaced persons. The parties agree to cooperate fully with all entities, including those authorized by the United Nations Security Council, in implementing the peace settlement and investigating and prosecuting war crimes and other violations of international humanitarian law.

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (Trials) Radovan Karadzic: The Accused stood trial for 11 Counts; two Counts of genocide, five Counts of crimes against humanity, (namely persecution, murder, extermination, deportation, and forcible transfer), and four Counts of violations of the laws or customs of war (namely murder, acts of violence the primary purpose of which was to spread terror among the civilian population, unlawful attacks on civilians, and the taking of hostages Ratko Mladic: Alleged that, between 12 May 1992 and November 1995, Mladic participated in a Joint Criminal Enterprises to establish and carry out a campaign of sniping and shelling against the civilian population of Sarajevo, aimed to spread terror amongst them. General Radislav Karstic, who played a major role in the Srebrenica massacre was convicted of genocide and sentenced to 46 years in prison.