KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.

ATP used for most cell processes All C-based molecules store E in the bonds (bond E) Carbs and Lipids store the most E Food has to go through a series of reactions before E is usable Starch molecule Glucose molecule

Adenisone Triphosphate (ATP) molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell functions. E carried by ATP is released when a phosphate group is removed from the molecule (the bond is broken) Adenisone Diphosphate (ADP) is a lower E molecule that can be converted into ATP by adding a phosphate. phosphate removed

triphosphate adenosine diphosphate tri=3 di=2

Organisms break down food for ATP The foods you eat don’t contain ATP, they are digested (broken down) into smaller molecules (glucose) to make ATP Different foods provide different amounts of calories, different foods also provide different amounts of ATP The # of ATP is related to the # of ATP produced, but not directly.

Organisms break down food for ATP Carbohydrates are not stored in large amounts in the body, but are most commonly broken down to make ATP. Produce: 4 calories/mg up to 36 ATP from one glucose molecule triphosphate adenosine diphosphate tri=3 di=2

Fats store the most energy. 80 percent of the energy in your body Produce: 9 calories/mg about 146 ATP from a triglyceride Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP. Produce: 4 calories/mg about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate amino acids not usually needed for energy

Plants use ATP, but they use sunlight to make glucose, then ATP. All organisms are either: 1) Heterotrophs- obtain material (food) to make ATP by consuming other organisms 2) Autotrophs- make their own food using inorganic substances like: Sunlight (plants) (photosynthesis) Chemicals (some bacteria) Chemosynthesis- using chemical E to make E storing molecules that can be broken down to produce ATP