Section 8-1 Energy and Life

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs Autotrophs – organisms, such as plants that make their own food. Heterotrophs – organisms, such as animals, that must consume food in order to obtain energy.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) – chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy Consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.

ATP (cont) Energy is released by breaking the chemical bond between the second and third phosphates.

9.2 Photosynthesis: Trapping the Sun’s Energy Process plants use to trap the sun’s energy and build glucose that store energy 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon + water glucose + oxygen dioxide (sugar)

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll molecules trap the sunlight so photosynthesis can occur.

9.3 Getting Energy to Make ATP Cellular Respiration Process by which mitochondria break down food to produce ATP. Converts glucose to carbon dioxide and water. C6H12O6 + O2→CO2 + H2O

Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic – does not require oxygen Aerobic – does require oxygen

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite processes. The reactants of one process are the products of the other