Cell Respiration

Cell Respiration Complex process where cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds Starts with glycolysis Makes small amount of ATP

Glycolysis 1 glucose molecule breaks down to produce 2 pyruvic acid molecules Small amount ATP made https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EfGlznwfu9U

What is after glycolysis? If no oxygen present, cell respiration branches to anaerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration = making energy when no oxygen present Fermentation If oxygen present, cell respiration branches to aerobic respiration 2. Aerobic respiration = making energy when oxygen is present

1. Anaerobic Respiration Absence of oxygen = cells convert pyruvic acid to other compounds ATP is NOT produced with fermentation Fermentation: Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation Fermentation creates molecules necessary to make ATP when oxygen is present

Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvic acid from glycolysis gets converted into ethyl alcohol Microorganisms play essential role Yeast Sugar and Yeast

Alcoholic Fermentation Yeast allows for bubbles to release CO2 Products utilize this fermentation: Beer, wine, bread, etc. In bread, the dough rises by forming the bubble inside the dough. Ethyl alcohol that is produced evaporates when baking (resulting in the strong smell)

Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid Microorganisms play essential role Fungi or bacteria Sugar to lactic acid

Lactic Acid Fermentation Manufacture food products: Sauerkraut, cheese, soy sauce, yogurt, etc. Occurs in muscle cells after heavy exercise Muscle cramps, fatigue, & pain Muscle cells use up oxygen more rapidly than it can be delivered to them. As oxygen become depleted, the muscle cells begin to switch from aerobic respiration to lactic acid fermentation . Which may result in cells having less capacity to contract resulting in muscle fatigue and pain

2. Aerobic Respiration Oxygen available = mass production of ATP 2 major steps: Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Krebs Cycle Finishes breaking down glucose from glycolysis Releases CO2 that we exhale Small amount of ATP made

Electron Transport Chain Most ATP made ETC lines inner membrane of mitochondria ETC utilizes oxygen to charge enzymes to produce ATP

Cell Respiration Formula: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy 38 ATP generated