Immigration Industrialization Urbanization

Immigration Look at the picture on the next slide. What do you see? What do you think the cartoon is “saying”? Write a caption for the cartoon.

US Ark of Refuge Free education Free land Free speech Free ballot No oppressive taxes No expensive Kings No compulsory military service No knouts or dungeons

Immigration Before 1870, most immigrants to America came from northern and western Europe: Germany - Great Britain Ireland - Norway and Sweden Between 1870 until 1920, most immigrants to America came from southern and eastern Europe and Asia Greece - Italy Poland - Russia Present day Hungary and Yugoslavia China and Japan

Immigration to the US

Century: America’s Time: Seeds of Change (ep 1 of 3) 6:15 – 9:40 (ep 1, to wright bros) 12:20 – 14:00 (ep 1, cars) 14- to next ep (ep 1 immigration) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEcpJQxtswA

Immigration Increase in immigration due to: Desire for religious freedom (push or pull?) Escape from oppressive governments (push or pull?) Hope for economic opportunities (push or pull?) Immigrants entered the United States through Ellis Island in New York Harbor The Statue of Liberty was often the first view for immigrants after their voyage across the Atlantic Did you know? 40% of Americans can trace roots to ancestors who came through Ellis Island

With a partner, answer questions 1-20 on a separate sheet of paper: (please do not write on the test)

Answers to Test Mouth Eye Nose Spoon Chimney Ear Filament Stamp Strings Heel Trigger Tail Leg Shadow Ball (in hand) Net Forearm Horn Arm (in mirror) Diamond

What’s the difference? AMERICA

Immigration Upon their arrival, immigrants began the process of assimilation This was called the American “melting pot” Immigrants often settled into ethnic neighborhoods in cities Immigrant families worked hard to learn English, adopt American customs and become American citizens Public schools played an important role in assimilating immigrants into American society

Immigration Contributions of immigrants: Chinese workers helped build Transcontinental Railroad Eastern Europeans worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast and the clothing industry in NYC Slavs, Italians, Polish worked in coal mines in the East All worked at great personal risk in dangerous conditions and for very low wages

Immigration At your table answer the following question: “How do you think native-born Americans reacted to the increase of immigrants coming to the United States? Why did they react that way? What reasons did they have?” Brainstorm as many ideas and reasons as you can think of

Immigration Despite their hard work and contributions, immigrants often faced discrimination and hostility Fear and resentment that immigrant workers would take jobs for lower pay than Americans Prejudice based on cultural and religious differences Nativism= prejudice against the “wrong groups” coming to America Increasing pressure led Congress to limit immigration through new laws

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: -Ban on all immigration from China (except for students, teachers, merchants, and tourists) -Barred Chinese immigrants from U.S. citizenship - Not repealed until 1943 Immigration Restriction Act of 1921: -Set up a quota system limiting who and how many immigrants could come to the U.S. - Aimed at people from Eastern Europe.

Immigration Graph

Think-Pair-Share What problems existed in the cities? What could be done to solve those problems?

Reform Movements What problems existed in the cities? Reformers tried to solve the problems of the urban poor – “social responsibility” Social Gospel movement Settlement Houses provided services: educational cultural (to Americanize immigrants) social services (day care) Jane Addams – Hull House (Chicago)

Exit Ticket Write three sentences to describe three changes in American society we talked about today. Were these changes good or bad? How so?