Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130) 16/17 Spring Semester Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130) Instructor: Rama Oktavian Email: Oktavian.rama2@gmail.com Office Hr.: M.10-15, Tu. 08-12, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11

Ethylene derivatives

Ethylene derivatives

Ethylene derivatives

Ethylene derivatives

Ethylene derivatives Ethylene oxide process technology

Ethylene derivatives Chlorohydrin Process

Ethylene derivatives Chlorohydrin Process

Ethylene derivatives Direct oxidation process

Ethylene derivatives Direct oxidation process

Ethylene derivatives Direct oxidation process

Ethylene derivatives Direct oxidation process

Ethylene derivatives MEG, DEG, TEG

Ethylene derivatives MEG, DEG, TEG

Ethylene derivatives Vinyl chloride from ethylene

Ethylene derivatives Vinyl chloride from ethylene

Ethylene derivatives Ethanol from ethylene

Polypropylene Polypropylene basic Like ethylene, propylene (propene) is a reactive alkene that can be obtained from refinery gas streams, especially those from cracking processes. The main source of propylene, however, is steam cracking of hydrocarbons, where it is coproduced with ethylene. There is no special process for propylene production except the dehydrogenation of propane.

Polypropylene Polypropylene Polypropylene basic Polypropylene History – Polypropylene (PP) was developed in Spain in 1954 by professor Giulio Natta. He was able to produce the resin by using catalysts from the Polyethylene industry and applying them to propylene gas. Structure – The PP monomer is a single bond between two carbon atoms and can be seen below. It is similar to Polyethylene in many ways, but the methyl group that takes the place of the hydrogen reduces the chain flexibility, making polypropylene a stiffer material.

Polypropylene Polypropylene – Forms PP comes in a few varieties: Polypropylene basic Polypropylene – Forms PP comes in a few varieties: Homopolymer - General purpose grade, very versatile Block Copolymer - 5-15% ethylene, improved impact strength to below 20° C Random Copolymer - Co-monomers arranged randomly on the molecular chain, more flexibility and better clarity

Polypropylene Polypropylene - Considerations Polypropylene basic Polypropylene - Considerations Density – PP has a specific gravity of .93 which means that it will float in water. Crystallinity – PP is semi-crystalline (around 75%) Hygroscopy – PP is not hygroscopic and does not require drying when processed Tg – PP has a glass transition temperature of 15° F Tm – PP’s crystals melt at around 350° F, but it is commonly processed in a melt range of 420 – 540° F.

Polypropylene Polypropylene basic polypropylene is a valuable polymer and is used as plastic for making pipes, ropes, fibres, etc It is manufactured by catalytic reaction in a stirred tank reactor, where Ti and aluminium halides are used as catalysts at a temperature of 60°C−70°C and a pressure of 1−2 MPa

Polypropylene Polypropylene basic Polypropylene comes from Propylene!

Polypropylene Polypropylene basic Polypropylene comes from Propylene!

Polypropylene Petrochemical products demand in Indonesia

Polypropylene Petrochemical products demand in Indonesia

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene Polypropylene supply and demand

Polypropylene 1. Zeigler-Natta polymerization: Polypropylene synthesis 1. Zeigler-Natta polymerization: TiCl3 + Al(C2H5)2Cl, or TiCl4 + Al(C2H5)3

Polypropylene 2) Kaminsky Catalysts: Metallocene A metallocene is a Polypropylene synthesis 2) Kaminsky Catalysts: Metallocene A metallocene is a positively charged metal ion sandwiched between two negatively charged cyclopentadienyl anions.

Polypropylene Polypropylene recent status and technology Methanol-to-Propylene Technology two reaction steps Methanol dehydration to DME on an aluminium catalyst Transforming DME or methanol into a variety of olefins. The use of ZSM-5 catalyst yields propylene. Propylene will be processed further into polypropylene

Polypropylene Polypropylene recent status and technology Methanol-to-Propylene Technology

Polypropylene Polypropylene recent status and technology Propylene Production via Propane Dehydrogenation

Thank You !