Communication Technologies for the Smart Grids

Framework and Output Framework: Geographic scale Common endpoints Requirements Technologies Outputs: Status of Area Outlook Med (5 years) Long (ten years) Challenges and opportunities

Pre-Discussion What we understand under Smart Grids Intersection between IT and the Power Grid (focused but not limited in Distribution Networks)

1.1 Status of Area – Geographic Scale and End Points WAN/MAN – Public WAN/MAN – Private LAN (Private) Wired RTUs HEMs (Gateway) EV charger PV inverter? PMU PROT STN Sensors PV inverter HEMS (Gateway) Storage management Wireless

1.2 Status of Area - Requirements Delay Bounds Deterministic Stochastic Throughput Error Rate Bounds Reliability: SG Specific (can work even under grid fault) Privacy Security Interoperability Ability to upgrade/maintain “Low” Cost Clock/Time distribution (PTP) (synchronicity)

1.3 Status of Area - Technologies WAN/MAN LAN (Private) Wired FO PLC A number of proprietary Ethernet BACNet and Others Powerline PRP Wireless 3G/4G Proprietary WiFi Zigbee Bluetooth WiFi-Direct Many proprietary technologies

2. Mid and Long Term Challenges and Opportunities Integration of legacy wired/wireless technologies (med-term) for both WAN and LAN Guaranteed very low latencies in WAN/MAN for real-time control applications (med-to-long-term) Reliable (multi-path), practical and cost-effective communication (short- to-med-term) Scalable and interoperable communication paths (for smart meters) (med-term) Localization and integration of pervasive sensors in secure way (long- term) Authenticated sensor readings (med-term) Making communication tamper proof (mid-term)

2.3 Challenges and Opportunities (1) Securing devices despite physical access by attackers (booting, etc.) (long-term) Emergency back doors that are safe(long) Reliability of communication despite power network failures (med- to-long term) Ability to upgrade/maintain com. Infrastructure (med-to-long-term) Going from communication to semantic SG (med-term) Scalable IP multicast that works for wide area (short-to-med-term)