Antebellum Reform CHANGE CERTAIN SLDIES TO INCLUDE MORE NOTES

In the mid 1800’s millions came from Europe in hope of a better life.

Some lived in cities…

Others…went west

Immigration: Why did they leave ? PUSH FACTORS Population growth (overcrowding) Crop failures Religious and political turmoil

Immigration: Why did they come? PULL FACTORS Freedom of religion and speech Economic opportunity Abundant land

Nineteenth century artists, writers and poets laid the foundation for American arts and literature

The American Way of Life: Literature and Art Hudson River School Influenced by a style of European art called romanticism – American artists began to focus on peaceful landscapes of forests, mountains and rivers.

Second Great Awakening Revival Meeting

Both blacks and women began to participate in evangelical revivals associated with the Second Great Awakening at the end of the 18th century. From these revivals grew the roots of the both the feminist and abolitionist movements.

Every person could be “saved” through revivals. The Second Great Awakening stimulated the establishment of many reform movements designed to remedy the evils of society before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ

Evangelical It is a religious movement that de-emphasizes ritual and emphasizes the importance of the individual, requiring him or her to meet certain active commitments, including: 1. The need for personal conversion (or being "born again”) 2. A high regard for biblical authority 3. An emphasis on teachings that proclaim the saving death and resurrection of the Son of God, Jesus Christ 4. Living according to a literal interpretation of the Bible

The Mormons (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints) 1823  Golden Tablets 1830  Book of Mormon 1844  Murdered in Carthage, IL Joseph Smith (1805-1844)

Violence Against Mormons

The Mormon “Trek”

Today’s issues

The Transcendentalists to rise above… society’s problems

The Transcendentalist Agenda abolish slavery provide well-being to the poor and the miserable. education for all improve quality of health care anti-war

Following One’s Conscience TRANSCENDENTALISM A philosophy that taught that the spiritual world was more important than the physical one. Thoreau taught about the importance of individual conscience, he urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust…

Civil Disobedience

Thoreau was not wrong… There would be many problems in this newly industrialized and ever growing country…several reform movements worked to improve American education and society reform movement: a group of people organized to improve what is bad or corrupt What are today’s reform movements? Who are today’s reformers?

What problems existed in the 1800’s? Society American Rights Women’s Alcohol Abuse Care of Mentally ill the Education Slavery

Who were the reformers?

What were their methods?

What did they accomplish? The Temperance Movement A campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol Add slide to include success of temperance movement 18th amendment and images of what movement has become What is today’s temperance movement?

Annual Consumption of Alcohol

From the first glass to the grave, 1846

WHAT IF...   1. You could be beaten, severely, without any legal recourse. 2. You could not own property. 3. You had no right to your own inheritance. 4. You had no legal right to your children in the case of divorce 5. You could not own the copyright to your printed work 6. You could not get an education or choose a career. 7. If you did work, you could not keep your pay.

Education Reform A woman’s place…

You owe a debt of gratitude to these two:

Care for the mentally ill Create a reform slide halfway houses and the homeless, medication, brain science What do these two have in common?

Utopian Societies Attempts to create communities free from social problems

Principles: Gender equality Education for all Communal living Healthy lifestyle Transcendentalism and/or Religion

The Shakers

Shaker Simplicity & Utility

Brook Farm West Roxbury, MA George Ripley (1802-1880) Brook Farm West Roxbury, MA

The Abolitionists …none so famous as the one Lincoln referred to as the “little lady who started this whole mess…” Define abolitionists success 13th amendment

Others in the movement… Sojourner Truth Frederic Douglass Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton CHANGE CERAIN SLIDES TO INCLUDE MORE NOTES. (This is a comment after using program 5/1/04) Lucretia Mott Amelia Bloomer The Grimke Sisters What do you notice about this group?

Ain’t I a Woman? INCLUDE POEM “

First things first… Add slides corsets, hoops, chinese foot binding and compare to today’s fashions

The Birth of the Women’s Rights Movement Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Add slide 19th amendment

WHO INTRIGUES YOU?

The Drunkards Progress. From the first glass to the grave. Step 1. A glass with a friend. Step 2. A glass to keep the cold out. Step 3. A glass too much. Step 4. Drunk and riotous. Step 5. The summit attained. Jolly companions. A confirmed drunkard. Step 6. Poverty and disease. Step 7. Forsaken by Friends. Step 8. Desperation and crime. Step 9. Death by suicide.