Unit 3: Circular motion, Work & Energy

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3: Circular motion, Work & Energy Horizontal Circular Motion

Horizontal Circular Motion Circular motion is one of the most common motions in the universe Circular motion is just a special case of two-dimensional motion When moving in a circle, an objects speed may be constant but its velocity is always changing because its direction is constantly changing *v1 and v2 are different because they have different directions

Calculating Circular Motion We can use Newton’s Laws to describe circular motion The speed of an object moving in uniform circular motion is given by the equation: This is a special case of: v = d/t

Calculating Circular Motion Since an object moving in circular motion has a changing velocity it also has an acceleration – which can be calculated using the following: Since, centripetal means “centre seeking” the direction of the acceleration is always towards the middle

Centripetal Force According to Newton’s Laws of Motion, since there is an acceleration towards the centre, there must also be a force acting towards the centre Centripetal Force (Fc)can be supplied by a string (tension) a frictional force a gravitational force Car rounding a corner Fc = Ff What direction would the car go if the roadway was frictionless?

Calculating Centripetal Force Two ways: When acceleration is known: When time period is known:

Sample Problem A 0.013 kg rubber stopper is attached to a 0.93m length of string. The stopper is swung in a horizontal circle making 1 revolution in 1.18s. Find the speed of the stopper Find the centripetal acceleration of the stopper Find the centripetal force

Time Period Vs. Frequency Period- (T) The time it takes for one complete cycle (revolution) Frequency- (f) the number of revolutions per time period Ex. RPM - Frequency is usually measured in Hertz (Hz) (RPS)

Sample Problem A disc is moving at 200RPM. What is its period in s? (Hint: first find rotations per second)

Homework p. 99 #1-11