Do Now (First 5 minutes): In your notes, list three goals that President Jefferson achieved in office (see yesterday’s notes) In your notes, answer the following True-False Statement True or False: Mr. Gehrz is okay with throwing in the classroom as long as the object is soft. When finished with the above, finish any work that needs to be turned in from yesterday.

CHAPTER 2 The Young Republic

Section 2 The Growth of a Nation

Growth of American Nationalism “THE ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS” – After the War of 1812, a feeling of NATIONALISM spread nationwide JAMES MONROE becomes the 5th PRESIDENT of the United States Federalist party lost popularity after the War of 1812 REPUBLICAN PARTY became the only political party by 1820, many FEDERALISTS joined the Republicans

Economic Nationalism Monroe’s presidency focused on NATIONAL GROWTH by strengthening the FINANCIAL SYSTEM, protecting MANUFACTURERS, and improving TRANSPORTATION JOHN C. CALHOUN (Representative – South Carolina), HENRY CLAY (Rep. – Kentucky), and DANIEL WEBSTER (Rep. – Massachusetts) pass bill in 1816 that gives National Bank the power to create CURRENCY and CONTROL STATE BANKS TARIFF OF 1816 taxed IMPORTED GOODS from Great Britain Private businesses and state and local governments pay to improve/build ROADS AND CANALS to improve national transportation system

Judicial Nationalism MARTIN V. HUNTER’S LESSEE – Supreme Court settles matter of land inheritance for British loyalist family MCCULLACH V. MARYLAND – Supreme Court rules National Bank “necessary and proper” and stops Maryland from taxing Baltimore branch GIBBONS V. OGDEN – Supreme Court decides that states control state commerce, federal power controls interstate commerce

Nationalist Diplomacy SPAIN give FLORIDA to the U.S. in ADAMS-ONIS TREATY of 1819 1809-1824 – All of SPAIN’S COLONIES in the Americas rebel and DECLARE INDEPENDENCE from Spain Russia owns ALASKA and claims OREGON COUNTRY in 1821 MONROE DOCTRINE – Issued by Pres. Monroe that the American continents could no longer be COLONIZED by overseas powers

A Growing Nation: Transportation Revolution 1806 – Congress funds the NATIONAL ROAD, hundreds of miles of toll roads built Rivers/Waterways were cheaper method of TRANSPORTING GOODS, first STEAMBOAT developed by ROBERT FULTON and ROBERT LIVINGSTON PETER COOPER built first locomotive (TOM THUMB), TRAINS helped EXPAND TRADE and SETTLE THE WEST more than any other transportation

Industrialization INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – large-scale MANUFACTURING, complex MACHINES, and organized factory WORK FORCES COMPETITION, LOW TAXES, and INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS all contributed to the United States’ fast industrialization 1832 – SAMUEL MORSE perfects the TELEGRAPH and invents MORSE CODE

Immigration 1815-1860 – over 5 MILLION immigrants come to the United States (Germans, Irish), rural FARMERS and cheap CITY LABOR Anti-immigrants groups formed to prevent FOREIGNERS and CATHOLICS (Germans, Irish) from holding public office 1854 – AMERICAN PARTY (Know-Nothings) formed by anti-immigrants groups

Rise of Labor Unions 1860 – 1.3 million FACTORY WORKERS (men, women, and children) LOW PAY and LONG (12 HR) WORK DAYS led to creation of labor unions Early unions had LITTLE POWER, courts viewed unions as UNLAWFUL because they LIMITED free enterprise

Importance of Agriculture While the North industrialized, the South continued to rely on AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE was the country’s leading economic activity Major cash crops included TOBACCO, RICE, SUGARCANE, and COTTON ELI WHITNEY and the COTTON GIN

Enslaved and Free African Americans Though Congress outlawed SLAVE TRADE in 1808, HIGH BIRTHRATES increased population of enslaved people from 1.5 million to 3.2 million between 1820 and 1850 State LAWS and SLAVE CODES prevented enslaved people from learning to read and write, own property, leave a slaveholder’s premises, or testify in a court of law against a white person MUSIC helped African Americans endure the horrors of SLAVERY while others acted out in rebellious ways (burning, running, attacking) 200,000 free slaves living in the NORTH where slavery was OUTLAWED